eng_aiv Amundson Interpretive Version Revelation Revelation Revelation Rev Revelation id=eng_aiv name=Amundson Interpretive Version (AIV) status=draft spec=USFM-USX 3.1.1 export=2026-11-02 char:add=translator-addition-italic char:wj=words-of-Jesus-as-received-unmapped note:f=footnotes para:r=parallel-passage-references para:d=psalm-superscriptions Prologue (Daniel 12:1–13) The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave to Him to show to His servants what is necessary to take place in quickness.1.1 Or in suddenness; or soon And He signified it through having sent His angel to His servant John, who testified to the word of God and to the testimony of Jesus Christ, as much as he saw.1.2 ALT and F35 saw, what is now, and what must take place after this. Blessed is the one reading and those hearing the words of the prophecy and keeping the things written in it; for the time is near. John Greets the Seven Churches John, To the seven churches in Asia:1.4 Or in the province of Asia; Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey. Grace to you⁺ and peace from the One who is1.4 RP from God who is and who was and who is coming, and from the seven Spirits1.4 Or the sevenfold Spirit before His throne, and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth. To the One loving us and releasing us from our sins in His blood— and He made us a kingdom, priests to His God and Father—to Him be the glory and the dominion to the ages of the ages.1.6 WH dominion to the ages. Amen. Behold, He is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see Him, even those who pierced Him, and all the tribes of the earth will wail because of Him. Yes! Amen. “I am the Alpha and the Omega,”1.8 TR the Alpha and the Omega, Beginning and End says the Lord God, the One who is and who was and who is coming, the Almighty. John’s Vision on Patmos I, John, your⁺ brother and fellow partaker in the tribulation and kingdom and endurance in Jesus, was in the island called Patmos because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.1.9 BYZ and TR the testimony of Jesus Christ I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s day, and I heard behind me a loud voice, as of a trumpet, saying,1.11 TR saying, “I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last,” and, “What you see, write in a book and send to the seven churches:1.11 TR includes in Asia. to Ephesus, and to Smyrna, and to Pergamum, and to Thyatira, and to Sardis, and to Philadelphia, and to Laodicea.” And1.12 RP And there I turned to see the voice that was speaking with me. And having turned, I saw seven golden lampstands, and in the midst of the lampstands, One like the Son of Man,1.13 BYZ and TR include seven. dressed to the foot, and girded around at the breasts with a golden sash. 1.13 Or one like a son of man; see Daniel 7:13. And His head and the hairs were white as wool, white as snow, and His eyes as a flame of fire, and His feet like burnished bronze, as having been refined in a furnace, and His voice as a voice of many waters, and having in His right hand seven stars, and a sharp two-edged sword is going forth out of His mouth; and His face is as the sun shining in its power. And when I saw Him, I fell at His feet as dead. And He placed His right hand upon me, saying,1.17 TR saying to me “Do not be afraid. I am the First and the Last, and the Living One. And I became dead, and behold I am living to the ages of the ages,1.18 BYZ and TR include Amen. and I have the keys of Death and of Hades.1.18 TR the keys of Hades and of Death Therefore1.19 TR does not include Therefore. write the things that you saw, and the things that are, and the things that are about to take place after these. The mystery of the seven stars, which you saw on My right hand, and the seven golden lampstands:1.20 ALT, F35, and TR lampstands that you saw The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches, and the seven lampstands are the seven churches. To the Church in Ephesus (Acts 19:8–12; Ephesians 1:1–2) “ To the angel of the church in Ephesus write: These things says the One holding the seven stars in His right hand, walking in the midst of the seven golden lampstands. I know your works and your labor and perseverance, and that you are not able to bear evil ones. And you tested those claiming themselves to be apostles and are not, and you found them false. And you have perseverance, and you endured because of My name, and you have not grown weary. But I have against you that you abandoned your first love. Therefore remember from where you have fallen, and repent, and do the first works. But if not, I am coming to you,2.5 BYZ and TR include quickly. and I will remove your lampstand out of its place, unless you should repent. But you have this, that you hate the works of the Nicolaitans, which I also hate. The one having an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the one overcoming, I will give to him to eat of the tree of life, which is in the Paradise2.7 See 2 Corinthians 12:4 and Revelation 2:7 of God. To the Church in Smyrna And to the angel of the church in Smyrna write: These things says the First and the Last, who became dead and lived. I know2.9 BYZ and TR include your works and; also in verse 13. your tribulation and poverty—but you are rich—and the slander of those claiming themselves to be Jews and are not, but are a synagogue of Satan. Do not fear what you are about to suffer. Behold, the devil is about to cast some of you⁺ into prison, so that you⁺ might be tested; and you⁺ will have tribulation ten days. Be faithful until death, and I will give to you the crown of life. The one having an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. The one overcoming shall not be harmed by the second death. To the Church in Pergamum And to the angel of the church in Pergamum write: These things says the One having the sharp two-edged sword. I know where you dwell, where the throne of Satan is; and you hold fast to My name, and you did not deny My faith, even2.13 BYZ and TR do not include even in the days of Antipas My witness, My faithful one, who was killed beside you⁺, where Satan dwells. But I have a few things against you, because you have some there holding the teaching of Balaam, who would teach Balak to cast a stumbling block before the sons of Israel, to eat things sacrificed to idols and to commit sexual immorality. So you also have some holding the teaching of the Nicolaitans likewise. Therefore2.16 ALT, F35, TH, and TR do not include Therefore. repent! But if not, I am coming to you quickly, and I will war against them with the sword of My mouth. The one having an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. The one overcoming, I will give2.17 ALT, F35, and TR I will give the right to eat to him the hidden manna, and I will give to him a white stone, and on the stone a new name written, which no one knows except the one receiving it. To the Church in Thyatira (Acts 16:11–15) And to the angel of the church in Thyatira write: These things says the Son of God, the One having His eyes as a flame of fire, and His feet like burnished bronze. I know your works, and your love and faith and service and perseverance; and your last works are more than the first. But I have2.20 GOC and TR include a few things against you that you tolerate the woman Jezebel, the one calling herself a prophetess and teaching and leading astray My servants to commit sexual immorality and to eat things sacrificed to idols. And I gave her time that she might repent, and she is not willing to repent of her sexual immorality. Behold, I will cast her into a bed, and those committing adultery with her into great tribulation, unless they shall repent of her2.22 TR their works. And I will kill her children with death, and all the churches will know that I am the One searching kidneys and hearts; and I will give to each of you⁺ according to your⁺ works. But I say to you⁺, to the rest of those in Thyatira, as many as do not have this teaching, who did not know the depths of Satan, as they say: I will not cast upon you⁺ any other burden. But hold fast to what you⁺ have until which time I might come. And the one overcoming and keeping My works until the end, I will give to him authority over the nations, and he will shepherd them with a rod of iron, as the vessels of the potter are broken in pieces—just as I also have received from My Father. 2.27 Psalm 2:9 (see also LXX) And I will give to him the morning star. The one having an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the Church in Sardis “ And to the angel of the church in Sardis write: These things says the One having the seven Spirits3.1 Or the sevenfold Spirit of God and the seven stars. I know your works, that you have a name that you are alive, and yet you are dead. Be watching, and strengthen the things that remain, which are about to die; for I have not found your works full before My3.2 TR does not include My. God. Therefore remember what you have received and heard—and keep it and repent. Therefore if you shall not watch, I will come3.3 BYZ and TR include upon you. as a thief, and you shall not know at what hour I will come upon you. But you have a few names in Sardis who did not soil their garments, and they will walk with Me in white, because they are worthy. The one overcoming thus will be clothed in white garments. And I will never blot out3.5 Or scrape off his name from the book of life, and I will confess his name before My Father and before His angels. The one having an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the Church in Philadelphia And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write: These things says the Holy One, the True One, having the key of David, the One opening and no one will shut, and shutting and no one opens. 3.7 See Isaiah 22:22. I know your works. Behold, I have set before you a door having been opened, which no one is able to shut it, because you have little power, and you kept My word and did not deny My name. Behold, I give those from the synagogue of Satan—those claiming themselves to be Jews, and are not, but they lie—behold, I will cause them that they will come and will bow down before your feet, and they shall know that I loved you. Because you kept the word of My endurance, I also will keep you out of the hour of the testing being about to come upon the whole world, to test those dwelling upon the earth. I am coming3.11 TR Behold, I am coming quickly.3.11 Or suddenly or soon Hold fast to what you have, so that no one may take your crown. The one overcoming, I will make him a pillar in the temple of My God, and he shall not go out anymore. And I will write upon him the name of My God and the name of the city of My God, the new Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from My God, and My new name. The one having an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the Church in Laodicea (Colossians 2:1–5) And to the angel of the church in Laodicea3.14 TR of the Laodiceans write: These things says the Amen, the faithful and true Witness, the Beginning3.14 Or Originator or Ruler of God's creation. I know your works, that you are neither cold nor hot. I wish you would be cold or hot! So because you are lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I am about to vomit you out of My mouth. For you say, ‘I am rich, and I have grown rich, and I have need of nothing.’ And you do not know that you are wretched and miserable and poor and blind and naked. I counsel you to buy from Me gold having been refined by fire so that you may be rich, and white garments so that you may be clothed and the shame of your nakedness might not be made manifest, and eye-salve to anoint your eyes so that you may see. As many as I may love, I rebuke and discipline; therefore be zealous and repent. Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone should hear My voice and should open the door, then I will come in to him and will dine with him, and he with Me. The one overcoming, I will give to him to sit with Me in My throne, as I also overcame and sat down with My Father in His throne. The one having an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.” The Throne in Heaven After these things I saw, and behold, a door was standing open in heaven, and the first voice that I heard as a trumpet is speaking with me, saying, “Come up here, and I will show you what is necessary to take place after these things.” Immediately4.2 BYZ and TR And immediately I was in the Spirit, and behold, a throne was set in heaven, and One sitting upon the throne, and the One sitting, in appearance was like jasper and carnelian stone. And a rainbow was around the throne, in appearance like an emerald. And around the throne were twenty-four thrones, and sitting on the thrones4.4 TR includes I saw twenty-four elders having been clothed in white garments, and on their heads golden crowns. Worship of the Creator And out of the throne proceed flashes of lightning and voices and thunders. And there were seven torches of fire burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits4.5 Or which is the sevenfold Spirit of God. And before the throne was like a sea of glass, like crystal. And in the midst of the throne and around the throne were four living creatures, being full of eyes in front and behind. And the first living creature was like a lion, and the second living creature like a calf, and the third living creature having the face as of a man,4.7 RP the face of man and the fourth living creature like an eagle flying. And the four living creatures, one by one of them had six wings respectively, full of eyes all around and within; and they do not have rest day and night, saying: “Holy, Holy, Holy,4.8 F35 and HF Holy, holy, holy; Holy, holy, holy; Holy, holy, holy Lord God Almighty, the One who was and who is and who is coming!” And whenever the living creatures will give glory and honor and thanksgiving to the One sitting upon the throne, the One living to the ages of the ages, the twenty-four elders will fall before the One sitting upon the throne, and they will worship the One living to the ages of the ages, and they will cast their crowns before the throne, saying: “Worthy are You, our Lord and God,4.11 TR does not include and God; BYZ includes the Holy One. to receive glory and honor and power; for You created all things, and by Your will they existed and were created.” The Lamb Takes the Scroll And I saw on the right hand of the One sitting upon the throne a scroll, written inside and on the back, sealed up with seven seals. And I saw a strong angel proclaiming in a loud voice, “Who is worthy to open the scroll and to loose its seals?” And no one in heaven,5.3 RP heaven above. nor upon the earth, nor under the earth, was able to open the scroll, nor to see it. And I was weeping much, because no one was found worthy to open5.4 F35 and TR include and read. the scroll, nor to see it. And one of the elders says to me, “Do not weep. Behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has overcome to open the scroll and its seven seals.” And I saw in the midst of the throne and of the four living creatures, and in the midst of the elders, a Lamb standing as having been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits5.6 Or the sevenfold Spirit of God having been sent out into all the earth. And He came and took it out of the right hand of the One sitting on the throne. And when He took the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell before the Lamb, each having a harp and golden bowls being full of incenses, which are the prayers of the saints. And they sing a new song, saying, “Worthy are You to take the scroll and to open its seals, because You were slain, and You purchased for God by Your blood, out of every tribe and tongue and people and nation, and You made them5.10 TR us a kingdom5.10 BYZ and TR You made them kings and priests and priests to our God; and they will reign upon5.10 TR we will reign upon the earth.” The Lamb Exalted And I saw, and I heard the voice of many angels around the throne, and of the living creatures, and of the elders; and their number was myriads of myriads and thousands of thousands, saying in a loud voice: “Worthy is the Lamb having been slain to receive the power and riches and wisdom and strength and honor and glory and blessing!” And I heard every creature that is in heaven and upon the earth and under the earth and on the sea, and everything in them, saying: “To the One sitting on the throne, and to the Lamb, blessing and honor and glory and might to the ages of the ages!5.13 BYZ includes Amen.” And the four living creatures kept saying, “Amen.” And the elders fell and worshiped.5.14 TR includes the One living to the ages of the ages. The First Seal: The White Horse And I saw when the Lamb opened one of the seven6.1 TR does not include seven. seals, and I heard one of the four living creatures saying as a voice of thunder, “Come!6.1 BYZ and TR Come and see!; also in verse 7.” And I saw, and behold,6.2 BYZ does not include and behold; similarly in verse 8 a white horse, and the one sitting on it having a bow; and a crown was given to him, and he went out conquering, and that he might conquer. The Second Seal: War And when He opened the second seal, I heard the second living creature saying, “Come!6.3 TR Come and see!.” And another horse went out, fiery red; and to the one sitting on it, to him was given to take the peace from the earth, and that they will slay one another; and a great sword was given to him. The Third Seal: Famine And when He opened the third seal, I heard the third living creature saying, “Come!6.5 RP and TR “Come and see!” Then I looked” And I saw, and behold, a black horse, and the one sitting on it having a pair of scales in his hand. And I heard something like6.6 BYZ and TR do not include (something) like. a voice in the midst of the four living creatures, saying, “A choenix of wheat for a denarius,6.6 Or A quart of wheat for a denarius. A choenix was a Greek dry measure equivalent to 1.92 pints or 0.91 liters. A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2. and three choenixes of barley for a denarius; and you should not harm the oil and the wine.” The Fourth Seal: Death And when He opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth6.7 RP I heard the fourth living creature saying, “Come!” And I looked, and behold, a pale green horse, and the one sitting on it, the name of him was Death, and Hades was following with him; and authority was given to them6.8 RP to him over the fourth of the earth, to kill with sword, and with famine, and with plague, and by the beasts of the earth. The Fifth Seal: The Martyrs And when He opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those having been slain because of the word of God and because of the testimony6.9 BYZ includes of the Lamb. that they had. And they cried out in a loud voice, saying, “Until when, O Lord, holy and true, do You not judge and avenge our blood from those dwelling upon the earth?” And to each of them was given a white robe, and it was said to them that they will rest yet a little time, until their fellow servants would also be fulfilled, and their brothers, those being about to be killed even as they. The Sixth Seal: Terror And I saw when He opened the sixth seal, and there was a great earthquake, and the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the whole6.12 ALT, F35, and TR do not include whole. moon became as blood, and the stars of heaven fell to the earth, as a fig tree casts its unripe figs being shaken by a great wind. And heaven departed as a scroll being rolled up, and every mountain and island were moved out of their places. And the kings of the earth, and the great ones, and the commanders, and the rich,6.15 TR and the rich, and the commanders and the strong, and every slave and6.15 ALT, F35, and TR and every free, hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains. And they say to the mountains and to the rocks, “Fall on us and hide us from the face of the One sitting on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb, 6.16 See Hosea 10:8. because the great day of Their6.17 BYZ and TR His wrath has come, and who is able to stand?” 144,000 Sealed After7.1 BYZ and TR And after these things I saw four angels standing upon the four corners of the earth, holding the four winds of the earth so that no wind would blow on the earth, nor on the sea, nor on any tree. And I saw another angel having ascended from the rising of the sun, having the seal of the living God. And he cried in a loud voice to the four angels to whom it was given to them to harm the earth and the sea, saying, “Do not harm the earth, nor the sea, nor the trees, until we shall have sealed the servants of our God on their foreheads.” And I heard the number of those having been sealed, a hundred forty-four thousand having been sealed out of every tribe of the sons of Israel: Out of the tribe of Judah twelve thousand having been sealed, out of the tribe of Reuben twelve thousand, out of the tribe of Gad twelve thousand, out of the tribe of Asher twelve thousand, out of the tribe of Naphtali twelve thousand, out of the tribe of Manasseh twelve thousand, out of the tribe of Simeon twelve thousand, out of the tribe of Levi twelve thousand, out of the tribe of Issachar twelve thousand, out of the tribe of Zebulun twelve thousand, out of the tribe of Joseph twelve thousand, out of the tribe of Benjamin twelve thousand having been sealed. Praise from the Great Multitude After these things I saw, and behold, a great multitude, which no one was able to number it, out of every nation and all tribes and peoples and tongues standing before the throne and before the Lamb, having been clothed with white robes, and palm branches in their hands, and crying out in a loud voice, saying: “Salvation to our God, the One sitting on the throne, and to the Lamb!” And all the angels stood around the throne, and the elders, and the four living creatures, and they fell before the throne upon their faces and worshiped God, saying, “Amen! Blessing and glory and wisdom and thanksgiving and honor and power and strength to our God, to the ages of the ages! Amen.” And one of the elders answered, saying to me, “These having been clothed with the white robes, who are they, and from where did they come?” And I said to him, “My lord, you know.” And he said to me, “These are the ones coming out of the great tribulation, and they washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. Because of this, they are before the throne of God, and they serve Him day and night in His temple; and the One sitting on the throne will tabernacle over them. ‘They will not hunger anymore, nor will they thirst anymore, nor shall the sun at all fall upon them, nor any scorching heat,’ 7.16 Isaiah 49:10 because the Lamb in the middle of the throne will shepherd them, ‘and He will lead them to fountains living of waters,’7.17 See Psalm 23:1. and ‘God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.’7.17 Isaiah 49:10” 7.17 Isaiah 25:8 The Seventh Seal And when He opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven for about half an hour. And I saw the seven angels who stand before God, and seven trumpets were given to them. And another angel having a golden censer came and stood at the altar, and much incense was given to him, that he will offer it with the prayers of all the saints upon the golden altar before the throne. And the smoke of the incense went up with the prayers of the saints out of the hand of the angel before God. And the angel took the censer, and filled it from the fire of the altar, and cast it to the earth; and there were thunders, and voices,8.5 ALT, F35, and TR voices, and thunders and flashes of lightning, and an earthquake. The First Four Trumpets And the seven angels having the seven trumpets prepared themselves, that they might sound the trumpets. And the first sounded his trumpet, and there was hail and fire mixed with blood, and it was cast upon the earth. And a third of the earth was burned up,8.7 TR does not include And a third of the earth was burned up and a third of the trees were burned up, and all the green grass was burned up. And the second angel sounded his trumpet, and something like a great mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea. And a third of the sea became blood, and a third of the creatures having life in the sea died, and a third of the ships were destroyed. And the third angel sounded his trumpet, and a great star fell out of heaven, burning as a torch. And it fell upon a third of the rivers and upon the springs of waters. And the name of the star is called Wormwood. And a third of the waters became wormwood,8.11 Or turned bitter like wormwood oil and many of the men died from the waters, because they were made bitter. And the fourth angel sounded his trumpet, and a third of the sun was struck, and a third of the moon, and a third of the stars, so that a third of them should be darkened, and the day should not shine, a third of it, and the night likewise. And I saw, and I heard one eagle8.13 TR angel flying in mid-heaven, saying in a loud voice, “Woe! Woe! Woe to those dwelling on the earth, because of the rest of the sounds of the trumpet of the three angels being about to sound their trumpets!” The Fifth Trumpet And the fifth angel sounded his trumpet, and I saw a star having fallen out of heaven to the earth, and the key of the pit of the Abyss was given to it. And he opened the pit of the Abyss, and smoke went up out of the pit, as the smoke of a great9.2 BYZ burning furnace, and the sun and the air were darkened by the smoke of the pit. And out of the smoke, locusts came out unto the earth, and authority was given to them, as the scorpions of the earth have authority. And it was said to them that they will not harm the grass of the earth, nor any green thing, nor any tree, but only the men not having the seal of God on their foreheads. And it was given to them that they should not kill them, but that they will torment them five months. And their torment was as the torment of a scorpion when it might strike a man. And in those days men will seek death and will not find it; and they will long to die, and death flees from them. And the likenesses of the locusts were like horses having been prepared for battle, and upon their heads were something like crowns, like gold, and their faces like the faces of men. And they had hair as hair of women, and their teeth were as those of lions. And they had breastplates as breastplates of iron, and the sound of their wings was as the sound of many chariots of horses running into battle. And they have tails and stingers like scorpions, and in their tails is their authority to harm men for five months. They have a king over them, the angel of the Abyss. His name in Hebrew is Abaddon,9.11 Abaddon means Destruction. and in the Greek he has the name Apollyon.9.11 Apollyon means Destroyer. The first woe has passed. Behold, two woes still are coming after these things. The Sixth Trumpet And the sixth angel sounded his trumpet, and I heard one voice from the four horns9.13 SBL, TH, and WH the horns of the golden altar before God, saying to the sixth angel, the one having the trumpet, “Release the four angels, those having been bound at the great river Euphrates.” And the four angels having been prepared for the hour and day and month and year were released, so that they might kill a third of mankind. And the number of the armies of the horsemen was two myriads of myriads;9.16 BYZ was myriads of myriads I heard the number of them. And thus I saw the horses in the vision, and those sitting on them, having fiery and hyacinthine and sulfurous breastplates. And the heads of the horses were like heads of lions, and out of their mouths proceed fire and smoke and sulfur. From these three plagues9.18 TR things a third of mankind was killed by the fire and by the smoke and by the sulfur proceeding out of their mouths. For the authority of the horses is in their mouths and in their tails; for their tails are like serpents having heads, and with them they do harm. And the rest of the men who were not killed in these plagues did not even repent of the works of their hands so that they will not worship the demons and the golden and silver and bronze and stone and wooden idols, which are able neither to see nor to hear nor to walk. And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their sexual immorality, nor of their thefts. The Angel and the Small Scroll (Ezekiel 3:1–15) And I saw another strong10.1 BYZ a strong angel coming down out of heaven, clothed with a cloud, and a rainbow upon his head, and his face was like the sun, and his feet like pillars of fire, and having in his hand a little scroll10.2 RP a scroll; similarly in verse 10 having been opened. And he placed his right foot upon the sea and, the left upon the earth. And he cried out in a loud voice as a lion roars. And when he cried out, the seven thunders spoke their voices. And when the seven thunders spoke,10.4 TR sounded their voices I was about to write. And I heard a voice out of heaven, saying, “Seal the things the seven thunders spoke, and do not write them.” And the angel whom I saw standing on the sea and on the land lifted up his right hand10.5 TR his hand to heaven, and he swore by the One living to the ages of the ages, who created heaven and the things in it, and the earth and the things in it, and the sea and the things in it, “There will be no longer delay! But in the days of the voice of the seventh angel, when he may be about to sound the trumpet, then the mystery of God would be completed, as He proclaimed to His servants, the prophets.” And the voice that I heard out of heaven is speaking with me again and saying, “Go, take the little scroll having been opened in the hand of the angel standing upon the sea and upon the land.” And I went to the angel, saying to him, “Give me the little scroll.” And he says to me, “Take and eat it up; and it will make your belly bitter, but in your mouth it will be sweet as honey.”10.9 See Numbers 5:24 and Ezekiel 3:3. And I took the little scroll out of the hand of the angel, and I ate it up; and it was sweet as honey in my mouth; and when I ate it, my belly was made bitter. And they say to me, “It is necessary for you to prophesy again concerning many peoples and nations and tongues and kings.” The Two Witnesses And a reed like a staff was given to me,11.1 F35 and Scrivener TR include and the angel stood saying, “Rise and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and those worshiping in it. And leave out the courtyard outside the temple, and do not measure it, because it was given to the nations, and they will trample upon the holy city forty and two months. And I will give to my two witnesses, and they will prophesy one thousand two hundred sixty days, clothed in sackcloth.” These are the two olive trees and the two lampstands standing before the Lord of the earth.11.4 TR the God 11.4 See Zechariah 4:14. And if anyone should want to harm them, fire proceeds out of their mouth and devours their enemies. And if anyone should want to harm them, thus it is necessary for him to be killed. These have the authority to shut the sky, so that no rain may fall in the days of their prophecy; and they have power over the waters to turn them into blood, and to strike the earth with every plague as often as they might want. The Witnesses Killed and Raised And when they shall have completed their testimony, the beast coming up out of the Abyss will make war with them and will overcome them and will kill them. And their body will be upon the street of the great city, which is called spiritually Sodom and Egypt, where also their11.8 TR our Lord was crucified. And those of the peoples and tribes and tongues and nations look at their bodies three and a half days, and they will not allow their bodies to be put into a tomb.11.9 TR in tombs And those dwelling upon the earth rejoice over them and make merry, and they will send11.10 RP give gifts to one another because these two prophets tormented those dwelling upon the earth. And after the three and a half days, the spirit of life from God entered into them, and they stood upon their feet; and great fear fell upon those beholding them. And they heard11.12 BYZ I heard a loud voice out of heaven saying to them, “Come up here.” And they went up to heaven in the cloud, and their enemies beheld them. And in that hour11.13 BYZ day there was a great earthquake, and a tenth of the city fell, and seven thousand names of men were killed in the earthquake. And the rest became terrified and gave glory to the God of heaven. The second woe has passed. Behold, the third woe is coming quickly. The Seventh Trumpet And the seventh angel sounded his trumpet, and there were loud voices in heaven, saying: “The kingdom of the world has become that11.15 TR The kingdoms of the world have become those of our Lord and of His Christ, and He will reign to the ages of the ages.” And the twenty-four elders sitting on their thrones before God11.16 RP 2018 before the throne of God fell upon their faces and worshiped God, saying: “We give thanks to You, Lord God Almighty, the One being, and who was,11.17 TR includes and who is coming. that You have taken Your great power and reigned. And the nations were angry, and Your wrath came, and the time for the dead to be judged11.18 See Psalm 2:1. and to give the reward to Your servants the prophets, and to the saints and to those fearing Your name, the small and the great, and to destroy those who are destroying the earth.” 11.18 See Daniel 12:2. And the temple of God in heaven was opened, and the ark of His covenant11.19 RP the ark of the covenant of the Lord was seen in His temple. And there were flashes of lightning, and voices, and thunders, and an earthquake,11.19 RP does not include and an earthquake. and great hail. The Woman and the Dragon And a great sign was seen in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars, and having in womb. And she cries out, being in labor, and being in pain to bring forth. And another sign was seen in heaven, and behold, a great fiery red dragon having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his heads seven diadems. And his tail drags a third of the stars of heaven, and he cast them to the earth. And the dragon stands before the woman being about to bring forth, so that when she should bring forth, he might devour her child. And she brought forth a son, a male, who is about to shepherd all the nations with a rod of iron; and her child was caught up to God and to His throne. 12.5 See Psalm 2:9 (see also LXX). And the woman fled into the wilderness,12.6 Or desert; also in verse 14 where she has a place having been prepared there from God, so that there they may nourish her one thousand two hundred sixty days. The War in Heaven And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels warred against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels warred back. And he did not have strength, nor was found their place any longer in heaven. And the great dragon was thrown out, the ancient serpent who is called the Devil and Satan, deceiving the whole world. He was thrown to the earth, and his angels were thrown with him. And I heard a loud voice in heaven saying: “Now have come the salvation and the power and the kingdom of our God, and the authority of His Christ, because the accuser of our brothers was cast down, the one accusing them before our God day and night. And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony; and they did not love their life unto death. Because of this, rejoice O heavens, and those dwelling in them! Woe to12.12 TR Woe to the inhabitants of the earth and the sea, because the devil came down to you⁺, having great fury, knowing that he has a short time.” The Woman Persecuted And when the dragon saw that he was cast down to the earth, he pursued the woman who brought forth the male child. And the two wings of the great eagle were given to the woman, so that she may fly into the wilderness, into her place, where she is nourished there a time, and times, and half a time, away from the face of the serpent. And the serpent cast out of his mouth water as a river after the woman, so that he might cause her to be carried away by the river. And the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed up the river that the dragon cast out of his mouth. And the dragon was angry over the woman, and he went to make war with the rest of her seed, those keeping the commandments of God and having the testimony of Jesus.12.17 TR of Jesus Christ And he stood upon the sand of the sea.12.17 Or And the dragon stood on the shore of the sea. BYZ and TR And I stood upon the sand of the sea. Some texts number this sentence as verse 18; others include it with Revelation 13:1. The Beast from the Sea (Daniel 7:1–8) And I saw coming up out of the sea a beast having ten horns and seven heads, and on its horns ten diadems, and upon its heads names of blasphemy.13.1 TH and TR a blasphemous name And the beast that I saw was like a leopard, and its feet like a bear’s, and its mouth like the mouth of a lion. And the dragon gave to it his power and his throne and great authority. And one13.3 TR And I saw that one of its heads was as having been slain to death, and its wound of death was healed. And the whole earth marveled after the beast. And they worshiped the dragon who gave authority to the beast, and they worshiped the beast, saying, “Who is like the beast, and who is able to war against it?” And a mouth was given to it, speaking great things and blasphemies, and authority was given to it to act13.5 BYZ to make war forty and two months. And it opened its mouth for blasphemies13.6 BYZ and TR blasphemy toward God, to blaspheme His name and His tabernacle, those tabernacling in heaven. And there was given to it to make war with the saints and to overcome them. And authority was given to it over every tribe and people13.7 F35 and TR do not include and people. and tongue and nation. And all dwelling on the earth will worship it, everyone whose name has not been written in the book of life of the Lamb having been slain from the foundation of the world.13.8 Or, from the foundation of the world in the Book of Life belonging to the Lamb who was slain. If anyone has an ear, let him hear. “If anyone is into captivity, into captivity he goes; If anyone is to be killed with the sword, with the sword it is necessary for him to be killed.”13.10 NE, WH, and BYZ if anyone kills Here is the endurance and the faith of the saints. 13.10 See Jeremiah 15:2. The Beast from the Earth And I saw another beast coming up out of the earth, and it had two horns like a lamb, and it was speaking like a dragon. And it exercises all the authority of the first beast in the presence of it, and it causes the earth and those dwelling in it that they will worship the first beast, of whom its fatal wound was healed. And it does great signs, so that it should even cause fire out of heaven to come down to the earth13.13 BYZ to come down upon the earth before men. And it deceives those dwelling13.14 RP my own who dwell on the earth by the signs that were given to it to do before the beast, telling those dwelling on the earth to make an image to the beast that has the wound of the sword and lived. And there was given to it to give breath to the image of the beast, so that the image of the beast also should speak, and should cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast would be killed. The Mark of the Beast And it causes all the small and the great, and the rich and the poor, and the free and the servants, that it should give them a mark on their right hand or on their forehead, and that no one may be able to buy or to sell, except the one having the mark—the name of the beast or the number of its name. Here is the wisdom. The one having understanding, let him count the number of the beast, for it is a man’s number, and its number is six hundred sixty-six.13.18 Some manuscripts 616 The Lamb and the 144,000 And I saw, and behold, the Lamb was standing upon Mount Zion, and with Him a hundred forty-four thousand having His name and the name of His Father written on their foreheads. And I heard a voice out of heaven like a voice of many waters, and like a voice of great thunder. And the voice that I heard was as of harpists harping with their harps. And they sing as a new song before the throne and before the four living creatures and the elders. And no one was able to learn the song except the one hundred forty-four thousand having been bought from the earth. These are they who were not defiled with women; for they are virgins, these following the Lamb wherever He may go. These were bought out from men14.4 RP includes by Jesus. as firstfruits to God and to the Lamb. And in their mouth no lie14.5 TR no deceit was found; they are blameless.14.5 BYZ and TR for they are blameless before the throne of God The Three Angels and Babylon’s Fall And I saw another angel14.6 RP an angel flying in mid-heaven, having the eternal gospel to preach upon those dwelling on the earth, and upon every nation and tribe and tongue and people, saying in a loud voice, “Fear God14.7 RP Fear the Lord and give Him glory, because the hour of His judgment came. And worship the One having made the heaven and the earth and sea and springs of waters.” And another, a second angel, followed, saying, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon14.8 TR And another angel the great,14.8 RP “Fallen is Babylon who has given all the nations to drink of the wine of the passion of her sexual immorality.” 14.8 See Isaiah 21:9 and Revelation 18:2. And another, a third angel, followed them, saying in a loud voice, “If anyone worships the beast and its image, and receives a mark on his forehead or upon his hand, he also will drink of the wine of the fury of God, having been poured undiluted in the cup of His wrath; and he will be tormented in fire and sulfur before the holy angels and before the Lamb. And the smoke of their torment goes up to ages of ages; and those worshiping the beast and its image have no rest day and night, and if anyone receives the mark of its name.” Here is the endurance of the saints, those keeping the commandments of God and the faith from Jesus. And I heard a voice out of heaven saying, “Write, ‘Blessed are the dead who are dying in the Lord from now on.’” “Yes,” says the Spirit, “so that they will rest from their labors; for14.13 BYZ and TR and their works follow with them.” The Harvest of the Earth And I saw, and behold, a white cloud, and upon the cloud is sitting One like a Son of Man, having on His head a golden crown, and in His hand a sharp sickle. 14.14 Or one like a son of man; see Daniel 7:13. And another angel came out of the temple, crying in a loud voice to the One sitting on the cloud, “Send forth Your sickle and reap, because the hour to reap has come, because the harvest of the earth has ripened.” And the One sitting on the cloud cast His sickle on the earth, and the earth was harvested. And another angel came forth out of the temple in heaven, he also having a sharp sickle. And another angel came forth out from the altar, having authority over the fire, and he called in a loud voice14.18 BYZ and TR with a great cry to the one having the sharp sickle, saying, “Send forth your sharp sickle, and gather the clusters from the vine of the earth, because its grapes have fully ripened.” And the angel cast his sickle to the earth and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast them into the great winepress of the wrath of God. And the winepress was trodden outside the city, and blood came forth out of the winepress up to the bridles of the horses, to the distance of one thousand six hundred stadia.14.20 1,600 stadia is approximately 184 miles or 296 kilometers. The Song of Moses and the Lamb (Deuteronomy 32:1–47) And I saw another great and marvelous sign in heaven: seven angels having seven plagues—the last, because in them the wrath of God was completed. And I saw something like a sea of glass mixed with fire, and those conquering over the beast and over its image and over the number of its name, standing upon the sea of glass, having harps of God. And they are singing the song of Moses the servant of God and the song of the Lamb, saying, “Great and marvelous are Your works, Lord God Almighty! Righteous and true are Your ways, O King of the nations!15.3 SBL and WH King of the ages; TR King of the saints Who should not fear You, O Lord, and will glorify Your name? For You alone are holy. For all the nations will come and will worship before You, because Your righteous acts were revealed.” Preparation for Judgment And after these things I looked, and the temple of the tabernacle of the testimony in heaven was opened. And the seven angels having the seven plagues came forth out of the temple,15.6 F35 out of heaven dressed in pure bright linen and girded with golden sashes around the chests. And one of the four living creatures gave to the seven angels seven golden bowls full of the wrath of God, the One living to the ages of the ages. And the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God, and from His power; and no one was able to enter into the temple until the seven plagues of the seven15.8 F35 does not include seven. angels should be completed. The First Six Bowls of Wrath And I heard a loud voice from the temple16.1 ALT does not include from the temple. saying to the seven angels, “Go and pour out into the earth the seven16.1 ALT does not include seven. bowls of the wrath of God.” And the first departed and poured out his bowl into the earth, and an evil and grievous sore came upon the men having the mark of the beast and those worshiping its image. And the second poured out his bowl into the sea, and it became blood, as of one dead; and every living16.3 ALT and HF do not include living. soul that was in the sea died. And the third poured out his bowl into the rivers and the springs of the waters, and they became blood. And I heard the angel of the waters saying: “Righteous are You the One who is and who was, O holy One,16.5 TR O Lord because You judged these things, because they poured out the blood of saints and of prophets, and You have given to them blood to drink; they are worthy.” And I heard16.7 TR And I heard another from the altar saying: “Yes, Lord God Almighty, true and righteous are Your judgments.” And the fourth poured out his bowl upon the sun, and there was given to it to scorch men with fire. And the men were scorched with great scorching heat, and they blasphemed16.9 BYZ men blasphemed the name of God, the One having authority over these plagues; and they did not repent to give to Him glory. And the fifth poured out his bowl upon the throne of the beast, and its kingdom became darkened, and they were gnawing their tongues from the distress, and they blasphemed the God of heaven on account of their distresses, and on account of their sores; and they did not repent of their works. And the sixth poured out his bowl upon the great river Euphrates, and its water was dried up, so that the way might be prepared of the kings of the rising of the sun. And I saw come out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet, three unclean spirits like frogs; for they are spirits of demons doing signs that go forth to the kings of the whole world, to gather them together unto the battle of the great day of God the Almighty. “Behold, I am coming as a thief. Blessed is the one watching and keeping his garments, so that he may not walk naked and they may see his shame.” And he gathered them together unto the place called in Hebrew Armageddon. The Seventh Bowl of Wrath And the seventh poured out his bowl upon the air, and a loud voice came out of the temple16.17 BYZ and TR include of heaven. from the throne, saying, “It is done!” And there were flashes of lightning, and voices, and thunders;16.18 Some manuscripts list these events in different orders. and there was a great earthquake, such as there had not been since men were upon the earth—so mighty was the earthquake, so great, and the great city was split into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell. And Babylon the great was remembered before God, to give her the cup of the wine of the fury of His wrath. And every island fled, and mountains were not found. And a great hail, about a talent weight,16.21 That is, hailstones weighing approximately 75.4 pounds or 34.2 kilograms each comes down out of heaven upon the men. And the men blasphemed God on account of the plague of the hail, because the plague of it is exceedingly great. The Woman on the Beast And one of the seven angels having the seven bowls came and spoke with me, saying, “Come here, I will show you the judgment of the great prostitute, the one sitting upon many waters, with whom the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality, and those dwelling on the earth were made drunk with the wine of her sexual immorality.” And he carried me away in the Spirit into a wilderness, and I saw a woman sitting upon a scarlet beast being full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. And the woman was clothed in purple and scarlet, and adorned with gold and precious stone and pearls, holding a golden cup in her hand, being full of abominations and the impurities of her sexual immorality. And upon her forehead a name was written, a mystery: BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF THE PROSTITUTES AND OF THE ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH. The Mystery Explained And I saw the woman being drunk with the blood of the saints and with the blood of the witnesses of Jesus. And having seen her, I marveled with great wonder. And the angel said to me, “Why did you marvel? I will tell you the mystery of the woman and of the beast carrying her, having the seven heads and the ten horns. The beast that you saw was, and is not, and is about to come up out of the Abyss and go into destruction; and those dwelling on the earth whose names have not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world will marvel, seeing the beast that was, and is not, and will be. Here is the mind having wisdom: The seven heads are seven mountains, where the woman sits on them; and there are seven kings. The five fell, the one is, the other did not yet come; and when he shall have come, it is necessary for him to remain a little while. And the beast that was and is not is also himself an eighth, and is of the seven, and goes into destruction. And the ten horns that you saw are ten kings who did not yet receive a kingdom, but receive authority as kings one hour with the beast. These have one purpose, and they give their power and authority to the beast. The Victory of the Lamb These will war with the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them, because He is Lord of lords and King of kings; and those with Him are called and chosen and faithful.” And he says to me, “The waters that you saw where the prostitute sits are peoples and multitudes and nations and tongues. And the ten horns that you saw, and the beast, these will hate the prostitute, and they will make her desolate and naked, and they will eat her flesh and will burn her in fire. For God gave into their hearts to do His purpose, and to do one purpose, and to give their kingdom to the beast, until the words of God will be completed. And the woman whom you saw is the great city, the one having kingship over the kings of the earth.” Or desert Babylon Is Fallen (Isaiah 21:1–10) After these things I saw another angel18.1 Stephanus TR an angel coming down out of heaven, having great authority; and the earth was illuminated from his glory. And he cried out in a strong voice, saying: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great!18.2 RP “Fallen is Babylon And she has become a habitation of demons, and a prison of every unclean spirit, and a prison of every unclean bird, and a prison of every unclean creature also having been hated.18.2 See Isaiah 21:9 and Revelation 14:8. 18.2 NE, WH, BYZ, and TR a prison of every unclean spirit, and a prison of every unclean bird also having been hated. For all the nations have drunk of18.3 SBL and WH have fallen by the wine of the wrath of her sexual immorality; and the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality with her; and the merchants of the earth became rich through the power of her luxury.” And I heard another voice out of heaven saying: “Come forth out of her, My people, so that you⁺ may not share together in her sins, and so that you⁺ may not receive of her plagues. 18.4 See Jeremiah 51:45. For her sins were heaped up to18.5 Stephanus TR have reached as far as heaven, and God remembered her unrighteousnesses. Render to her as she also rendered; and double to her double according to her works. In the cup that she mixed, mix double to her. As much as she glorified herself and lived in luxury, give to her as much torment and mourning,18.7 F35 does not include and mourning. because in her heart she says, ‘I sit as queen, and I am not a widow, and never shall I see mourning.’ Because of this, her plagues will come in one day, death and mourning and famine, and in fire she will be burned up, because strong is the Lord God, the One having judged her.” Lament over Babylon And the kings of the earth, the ones having committed sexual immorality and having lived luxuriously with her, will weep18.9 GOC and TR weep for her and will wail over her when they see the smoke of her burning,18.9 Or at the sight of the smoking rising from the fire that consumes her; also in verse 18 standing from afar because of the fear of her torment, saying: “Woe, woe, the great city, Babylon, the strong city! For in one hour your judgment came.” And the merchants of the earth weep18.11 RP will weep and mourn over her, because no one buys their cargo any longer— cargo of gold, and of silver, and of precious stone, and of pearls; and of fine linen, and of purple, and of silk, and of scarlet; and all thyine wood, and every vessel of ivory, and every vessel of most precious wood, and of bronze, and of iron, and of marble; and cinnamon, and spice,18.13 BYZ and TR do not include and spice. and incense, and myrrh, and frankincense; and wine, and oil, and finest flour, and wheat; and cattle, and sheep, and of horses, and of chariots; and of bodies and souls of men. And:18.14 Or And they will say: “The ripe fruit of the desire of your soul departed from you, and all the sumptuous things and the splendid things perished from you, and they will never find them any longer.” The merchants of these things, those having become rich from her, will stand from afar, weeping and mourning because of the fear of her torment, saying: “Woe, woe, the great city, having been clothed with fine linen and purple and scarlet, and having been adorned in gold and precious stone and pearl! For in one hour such great wealth was brought to desolation!” And every shipmaster, and all those sailing to a place, and sailors, and as many as work the sea, stood from afar, and they were crying out, seeing the smoke of her burning, saying, “What is like the great city?” And they cast dust upon their heads, and they were crying out, weeping and mourning, saying: “Woe, woe, the great city, in which all those having ships in the sea became rich through her wealth! For in one hour she was brought to desolation.” Rejoice over her, O heaven, and you saints and apostles18.20 TR holy apostles and prophets, because God judged the judgment of you⁺ against her. The Doom of Babylon And one strong angel took up a stone like a great millstone and cast it into the sea, saying: “Thus Babylon will be cast down with violence, the great city, and shall never be found any longer. And the sound of harpists and musicians and flute players and trumpeters shall never be heard in you any longer. And any craftsmen of any craft shall never be found in you any longer, and the sound of a millstone shall never be heard in you any longer. And the light of a lamp shall never shine in you any longer, and the voice of a bridegroom and a bride shall never be heard in you any longer. For your merchants were the great ones of the earth, because in your sorcery all the nations were deceived.” And in her was found the blood of prophets and of saints and of all those having been slain on the earth. Rejoicing in Heaven After these things I heard something like a loud voice of a great multitude in heaven, saying: “Hallelujah!19.1 Hallelujah is a transliteration of the Hebrew Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD; also in verses 3, 4, and 6. The salvation and the glory and the power of our God!19.1 TR to the Lord our God For true and righteous are His judgments, because He judged the great prostitute who was corrupting the earth in her sexual immorality, and He avenged the blood of His servants, out of her hand.” And a second time they said: “Hallelujah! And her smoke goes up to the ages of the ages.” And the twenty-four elders and the four living creatures fell down and worshiped God, the One sitting on the throne, saying: “Amen, Hallelujah!” And a voice came out from the throne, saying: “Praise our God, all you His servants, and those fearing Him, the small and the great!” The Marriage of the Lamb And I heard something like a voice of a great multitude, and as a voice of many waters, and as a voice of strong thunders, saying: “Hallelujah! For the Lord our God,19.6 GOC, SBL, and TR the Lord God the Almighty, has reigned. We should rejoice and should exult and we will give to Him the glory, because the marriage of the Lamb has come, and His bride has prepared herself. And it was given to her that she should be clothed in fine linen, bright and pure.19.8 TR pure and bright” For the fine linen is the righteous acts of the saints. And he says to me, “Write, ‘Blessed are those having been called to the supper of the marriage of the Lamb.’” And he says to me, “These are the true words of God.” And I fell before his feet to worship him. And he says to me, “See, no! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers, those having the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.” The Rider on the White Horse And I saw heaven having been opened, and behold, a white horse, and the One sitting upon it called Faithful and True, and in righteousness He judges and makes war. Now His eyes are like a flame of fire, and upon His head many diadems, having a name written, which no one knows except He Himself,19.12 RP having names written on Him, and a name written that only He Himself knows and clothed with a garment dipped in blood,19.13 WH sprinkled with blood and His name is called The Word of God. And the armies who were in heaven were following Him upon white horses, dressed in fine linen, white and pure. And out of His mouth proceeds a sharp sword, so that with it He may strike down the nations; and He will shepherd them with a rod of iron.19.15 RP a sharp, double-edged sword And He treads the press of the wine of the fury of the wrath of God the Almighty. 19.15 See Psalm 2:9 (see also LXX). And He has a name written upon the robe and upon His thigh: KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS. Defeat of the Beast and False Prophet And I saw one angel standing in the sun, and he cried out in a loud voice, saying to all the birds flying in mid-heaven, “Come, gather yourselves together unto the great supper of God,19.17 ALT and TR the supper of the great God so that you⁺ may eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of commanders, and the flesh of strong men, and the flesh of horses and of those sitting on them, and the flesh of all, both19.18 Stephanus TR does not include both. free and slaves and small19.18 BYZ slaves, both small and great.” And I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies having been gathered together to make war with the One sitting on the horse and with His army. And the beast was captured, and with him the false prophet, the one having done the signs before him, by which he deceived those having received the mark of the beast and those worshiping its image. The two were cast living into the lake of fire burning with sulfur. And the rest were killed with the sword of the One sitting on the horse, having gone forth out of His mouth. And all the birds were filled with their flesh. Satan Bound And I saw an angel descending out of heaven, having the key of the Abyss and a great chain in his hand. And he seized the dragon, the ancient serpent, who is the devil and Satan,20.2 BYZ includes he who deceives the whole world. and bound him a thousand years. And he cast him into the Abyss, and shut and sealed it over him, so that he should not deceive the nations any longer, until the thousand years should be completed. After these20.3 BYZ and TR And after these. things, it is necessary for him to be released for a little time. And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given to them, and the souls of those having been beheaded because of the testimony of Jesus and because of the word of God, and those who did not worship the beast nor its image, and did not receive the mark upon the forehead and upon their hand. And they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand20.4 RP the thousand years. The rest of the dead did not live until the thousand years should be completed. This is the first resurrection. Blessed and holy is the one having a part in the first resurrection! Over these the second death has no authority, but they will be priests of God and of Christ, and will reign with Him a thousand years. Satan Cast into the Lake of Fire And when the thousand years should be completed, Satan will be released out of his prison, and will go out to deceive the nations in the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together unto the war, of whom the number of them is like the sand of the sea. And they went up over the breadth of the earth and encircled the camp of the saints and the city having been beloved. But fire came down out of heaven20.9 BYZ and TR came down from God out of heaven and devoured them. And the devil, the one deceiving them, was cast into the lake of fire and of sulfur, where the beast and the false prophet also are; and they will be tormented day and night to the ages of the ages. Judgment before the Great White Throne And I saw a great white throne and the One sitting on it, from whose face the earth and heaven20.11 F35 Heaven and earth fled, and no place was found for them. And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. And another book was opened, which is the one of life. And the dead were judged out of the things written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead who were in it, and death and Hades gave up the dead who were in them, and each of them were judged according to their works. And death and Hades were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire.20.14 TR does not include the lake of fire. And if anyone was not found written in the book of life, he was cast into the lake of fire. A New Heaven and a New Earth (Isaiah 65:17–25) And I saw a new heaven and a new earth,21.1 See Isaiah 65:17 and Isaiah 66:22 (see also LXX). for the first heaven and the first earth passed away, and the sea is no more. And I saw21.2 TR I, John, saw the holy city, the new Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a loud voice from the throne,21.3 BYZ and TR from heaven saying: “Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will tabernacle with them, and they will be His peoples, and God Himself will be with them as their God.21.3 SBL, NE, WH, and BYZ God Himself will be with them. ‘And He will wipe away every tear from their eyes,’ and death will be no more, nor mourning nor crying nor pain; they will be no more, because the first things passed away.” 21.4 Isaiah 25:8. And the One sitting on the throne said, “Behold, I make all things new.” And He says,21.5 BYZ and TR include to me. “Write, because these words are faithful and true.21.5 BYZ and TR true and faithful” And He said to me, “It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the one thirsting, I will give of the spring of the water of life freely. The one overcoming will inherit all things, and I will be his God, and he will be My son. But to the cowardly and unbelieving21.8 BYZ includes and sinful. and abominable and murderers and sexually immoral and sorcerers and idolaters and all liars, their part is in the lake burning with fire and sulfur, which is the second death.” The New Jerusalem And one of the seven angels having the seven bowls being full of the seven last plagues came and spoke with me, saying, “Come here, I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb.” And he carried me away in the Spirit to a great and high mountain, and he showed me the holy city21.10 RP and TR the great holy city. Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God, having the glory of God. Its radiance was like a most precious stone, like a jasper stone being clear as crystal, having a great and high wall, having twelve gates, and on the gates twelve angels, and names inscribed, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the sons of Israel. On the east were three gates, and on the north three gates, and on the south three gates, and on the west three gates. And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them the twelve names21.14 TR the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb. And the one speaking with me had a golden measuring reed, so that he might measure the city and its gates and its wall. And the city lies foursquare, and its length the same as also the breadth. And he measured the city with the reed at twelve thousand stadia.21.16 12,000 stadia is approximately 1,380 miles or 2,220 kilometers. The length and the breadth and the height of it are equal. And he measured its wall, one hundred forty-four cubits,21.17 144 cubits is approximately 216 feet or 65.8 meters. The measure could indicate either height or thickness. the measure of man, that is, of the angel. And the structure of its wall was jasper, and the city pure gold, like clear glass, the foundations of the wall of the city adorned with every precious stone: the first foundation jasper, the second sapphire, the third chalcedony, the fourth emerald, the fifth sardonyx, the sixth sardius, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, the twelfth amethyst. And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; each one of the gates respectively was of one pearl, and the street of the city pure gold, transparent as glass. And I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God Almighty is its temple, and the Lamb. And the city has no need of the sun, nor of the moon, that they may shine in it; for the glory of God illuminated it, and its lamp is the Lamb. And the nations will walk by its light, and the kings of the earth bring their glory21.24 BYZ and TR include and honor. into it. And its gates shall never be shut by day, for there will be no night there. And they will bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it. And anything defiling, and those practicing abomination and a lie, never shall enter into it, only those written in the Lamb’s book of life. The River of Life And he showed me a river22.1 RP and TR a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. In the middle of its street and of the river, on this side and on that side, was a tree of life, producing twelve fruits, yielding its fruit according to each month; and the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations. And there will not be any curse any longer. And the throne of God and of the Lamb will be in it, and His servants will serve Him. And they will see His face, and His name is on their foreheads. And there will be no night any longer, and they have no need of the light of a lamp and of the light of the sun, because the Lord God will illuminate upon them, and they will reign to the ages of the ages. Jesus Is Coming And he said to me, “These words are faithful and true. And the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets,22.6 TR the holy prophets sent His angel to show His servants what is necessary to take place in quickness.22.6 Or in suddenness; or soon; similarly in verses 7, 12, and 20” “And behold, I am coming quickly. Blessed is the one keeping the words of the prophecy of this book.22.7 Or scroll; also in verses 9, 10, 18, 19” And I, John, am the one hearing and seeing these things. And when I heard and saw, I fell to worship before the feet of the angel showing me these things. And he says to me, “See, no! I am your fellow servant, and of your brothers the prophets, and of those keeping the words of this book. Worship God!” And he says to me, “Do not seal the words of the prophecy of this book; for the time is near. The one being unrighteous, let him be unrighteous still; and the filthy one, let him be filthy still; and the righteous one, let him practice righteousness still; and the holy one, let him be holy still.” “Behold,22.12 TR And behold I am coming quickly, and My reward is with Me, to render to each as is his work. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End.22.13 ALT, F35, and TR the Beginning and the End, the First and the Last” Blessed are those washing their robes,22.14 BYZ and TR Blessed are those who do His commandments that their authority will be over the tree of life, and by the gates they might enter into the city. Outside are the dogs, and the sorcerers, and the sexually immoral, and the murderers, and the idolaters, and everyone loving and practicing falsehood. “I, Jesus, sent My angel to testify to you⁺ these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright morning star.” And the Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” And the one hearing, let him say, “Come!” And the one thirsting, let him come; the one wanting, let him take the water of life freely. Nothing May Be Added or Removed I testify to everyone hearing the words of the prophecy of this book: If anyone should add to these things, God will add unto him the plagues22.18 ALT and F35 the seven plagues written in this book. And if anyone should take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away22.19 BYZ may God take away his part from the tree of life,22.19 TR the Book of Life and out of the holy city, of those written in this book. The One testifying these things says, “Yes, I am coming quickly.” Amen.22.20 BYZ and TR include Yes. Come, Lord Jesus!22.20 ALT Lord Jesus Christ The grace of the Lord Jesus22.21 WH and BYZ the Lord Jesus Christ; TR our Lord Jesus Christ be with all the saints.22.21 SBL, WH, NE, and TR do not include the saints. Amen.22.21 SBL, WH, NE, and NA do not include Amen.