eng_aiv Amundson Interpretive Version Hosea Hosea Hosea Hos Hosea id=eng_aiv name=Amundson Interpretive Version (AIV) status=draft spec=USFM-USX 3.1.1 export=2026-11-02 char:add=translator-addition-italic char:wj=words-of-Jesus-as-received-unmapped note:f=footnotes para:r=parallel-passage-references para:d=psalm-superscriptions Hosea’s Wife and Children The word of YHWH that came to Hosea son of Beeri in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash,1.1 Joash is a variant of Jehoash king of Israel. The beginning when YHWH first spoke by Hosea, YHWH said to Hosea, “Go take for yourself a wife of prostitution, and children of prostitution, for the land is flagrantly prostituting itself from after YHWH!” And he went and took Gomer the daughter of Diblaim; and she conceived and bore to him a son. And YHWH said to him: “Call his name Jezreel;1.4 Jezreel means God sows; also in verse 11. for yet a little and I will avenge the bloodshed of Jezreel on the house of Jehu, and I will bring to an end the kingdom of the house of Israel. And it will come to pass in that day that I will break the bow of Israel in the valley of Jezreel.” And his wife conceived again, and she bore a daughter. And He said to him: “Call her name Lo-ruhamah,1.6 Lo-ruhamah means she has not received mercy. for no longer will I continue to have compassion on the house of Israel, that I should ever lift the for them. And on the house of Judah I will have compassion, and I will save them, by YHWH their God; I will not save them by bow, or by sword, or by battle, by horses, or by horsemen.” And she had weaned Lo-ruhamah, and she conceived and bore a son. And He said, “Call his name Lo-ammi,1.9 Lo-ammi means not My people. for you⁺ are not My people, and I am not unto you⁺! And the number of the sons of Israel shall be like the sand of the sea, which cannot be measured and cannot be counted; and it will come to pass, in the place where it was said to them, ‘You⁺ are not My people,’ it will be said of them, ‘Sons of the living God.’ 1.10 Cited in Romans 9:26 And the sons of Judah and the sons of Israel will be gathered together, and they will appoint for themselves one head, and they will go up from the land, for great will be the day of Jezreel. Israel’s Adultery Rebuked “ Say of your⁺ brothers, ‘Ammi,2.1 Ammi means my people’ and of your⁺ sisters, ‘Ruhamah.2.1 Ruhamah means she has received mercy or Mercy is shown’ Plead with your⁺ mother— plead, for she is not My wife, and I am not her Husband— that she might turn aside her prostitution from her face, and her adultery from between her breasts, lest I strip her naked, and expose her like the day of her being born, and make her like the desert, and set her like a parched land, and kill her with thirst! And I will not show compassion to her children, for they are sons of prostitution. For their mother has been a prostitute; she who conceived them has acted shamefully, for she said, ‘I will go after my lovers, those giving me my bread and my water, my wool and my linen, my oil and my drink.’ Therefore, behold, I am hedging up your path with thorns; and I will wall her up with a wall, so her paths she cannot find. And she will pursue her lovers, and she will not overtake them; she will seek them, and she will not find them. She will say, ‘I will go and return to my first husband, for it was better for me then than now!’ And she did not know that I gave to her the grain, and the new wine, and the oil, and multiplied for her silver and gold, which they prepared for Baal. Therefore I will return, and I will take away My grain in its time, and My new wine in its season; and I will snatch away My wool and My linen to cover her nakedness! And now I will uncover her lewdness before the eyes of her lovers, and no man will deliver her from My hand. And I will make cease all her rejoicing— her feast, her New Moon, and her Sabbath, and all her appointed feasts. And I will destroy her vines and her fig trees, of which she has said, “My wages, they are for me that which my lovers have given to me.” I will make them a forest, and the beasts of the field will devour them. And I will visit punishment on her for the days of the Baals, to which she burned incense and adorned herself with her rings and jewelry, and went after her lovers— and Me she forgot,” a declaration of YHWH. God’s Mercy to Israel “Therefore, behold, I am enticing her, and I will bring her into the desert, and I have spoken upon her heart. And I will give to her her vineyards from there, and the valley of Achor2.15 Achor means trouble. as a door of hope; and she will sing there as in the days of her youth, and as in the day of her coming up from the land of Egypt. And it will come to pass on that day, a declaration of YHWH, “That you will call out ‘My Ishi,2.16 My Ishi means My husband.’ and no longer will you call Me ‘My Baal.2.16 My Baal means My master or My lord.’ For I will take the names of the Baals from her mouth, and no longer will they be remembered by their name. And I will make for them a covenant on that day, with the beasts of the field and with the birds of the heavens, and with the creeping things of the ground. And bow and sword and battle I will break off from the earth, and I will make them lie down in safety. And I will betroth you to Me forever; and I will betroth you to Me in righteousness, and in justice, and with loving devotion,2.19 Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. and with compassion. And I will betroth you to Me in faithfulness, and you will know YHWH. And it will come to pass in that day that I will answer,” a declaration of YHWH, “I will answer the heavens, and they will answer the earth; and the earth will answer with the grain, and with the new wine, and with the oil; and they will answer Jezreel,2.22 Jezreel means God sows. and I will sow her for Myself in the land, and I will show compassion to ‘Lo-ruhama;’ and I will say to ‘Lo-ammi,2.23 Lo-ruhamah means she has not received mercy; LXX I will love her who was not loved’ ‘You are My people,2.23 Lo-ammi means not My people.’ and he will say, ‘My God.’” 2.23 Cited in Romans 9:25 and 1 Peter 2:10 Hosea Redeems His Wife (Zechariah 2:6–13) And YHWH said to me: “Again go, love a woman loved by another and is committing adultery, according to the love of YHWH for the sons of Israel, and they are turning to other gods and are loving the cakes of raisins!” And I bought her for myself with fifteen shekels of silver3.2 15 shekels is approximately 6 ounces or 171 grams of silver. and a homer of barley and a lethech of barley.3.2 Or a homer and a half of barley; that is, a total of approximately 9.36 bushels or 330 liters (probably about 436 pounds or 198 kilograms of barley); LXX a homer of barley and a wineskin full of wine And I said to her: “Many days you will dwell with me; you will not act like a prostitute, and you will not be unto a man; I also toward you.” For many days the sons of Israel will dwell without king or prince, and without sacrifice or sacred pillar, and without ephod or teraphim. Afterward the sons of Israel will return, and they will seek YHWH their God and David their king, and they will come trembling to YHWH and to His goodness in the latter days. God’s Case against His People Hear the word of YHWH, O sons of Israel, for a case is unto YHWH against those dwelling in the land: “For there is no truth, and there is no loving devotion, and there is no knowledge of God in the land. Cursing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break all restraint, and bloodshed touches upon bloodshed. Upon thus mourns the land, and languish all dwelling in it; with the beasts of the field and the birds of the heavens, and even the fish of the sea, they are gathered up. Only let no man contend and no man rebuke, for your people are like those who contend with a priest.4.4 Or for My case is against you, O priests And you will stumble by day, and will stumble also the prophet with you by night, and I will destroy your mother. My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge, because you have rejected knowledge, and I will reject you from being priest unto Me; and you have forgotten the law of your God; I will forget your children also. According to their becoming numerous, so they sinned against Me; their Glory they exchanged4.7 Or they exchanged their glorious God (Syriac); MT I will exchange their glory for shame. The sin4.8 Or the sin offerings of My people they eat up, and toward their iniquity they lift up their soul. And it will be like people, like priest; and I will visit punishment on them for their ways, and their deeds I will repay to them. For they will eat, and they will not be satisfied; they will prostitute themselves and not increase, because they have abandoned to give heed to YHWH. Prostitution and wine and new wine take the heart. My people consult with a piece of wood, and their staff declares it to them; for the spirit of prostitution has led them astray, and they have prostituted themselves from under their God. On the tops of the mountains they sacrifice, and on the hills they burn incense, under oak and poplar and terebinth, because its shade is good. In this way your⁺ daughters prostitute themselves, and your⁺ brides commit adultery. I will not visit punishment on your⁺ daughters when they prostitute themselves, or on your⁺ brides when they commit adultery; for they themselves go off with the prostitutes, and offer sacrifices with shrine prostitutes, and a people without understanding will be thrown down. Though you prostitute yourself, O Israel, do not let Judah become guilty; and do not come to Gilgal, and do not go up to Beth-Aven, and do not swear an oath, ‘As YHWH lives.’ 4.15 Beth-aven means house of wickedness. This is a derogatory term for Bethel, which means house of God; see 1 Kings 12:28–29. For being stubborn like a heifer, Israel is stubborn; now will YHWH let them graze like a lamb in a broad pasture? Ephraim4.17 That is, the northern kingdom of Israel is joined to idols; leave him alone! Has turned aside their liquor, they engage in flagrant prostitution; her rulers4.18 Hebrew her shields dearly love dishonor. The wind has constrained her4.19 Hebrew has wrapped her in its wings, and they will be ashamed of their sacrifices. Judgment on Israel and Judah “ Hear this, O priests! And pay attention, O house of Israel! And house is toward you, turn your ear! Indeed unto you⁺ is the judgment, because you⁺ have been a snare at Mizpah, and a net spread out on Tabor. And into slaughter the rebels are deep; and I will discipline all of them. I know Ephraim,5.3 That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verses 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 14 and Israel is not hidden from Me; for now, you engage in prositution, O Ephraim; Israel is defiled. Their deeds do not permit them to return to their God; for the spirit of prostitution is within them, and YHWH they do not know. And answers the pride of Israel to his face; and Israel and Ephraim stumble in their iniquity; Judah also stumbles with them. With their flocks and herds they will go to seek YHWH, and they will not find; He has withdrawn from them. To YHWH they were unfaithful, for they have borne strange sons. Now the New Moon5.7 Or their New Moon feast or the coming month will devour them with their portions! Blow the shofar in Gibeah, the trumpet in Ramah! Give a shout in Beth-Aven;5.8 Beth-aven means house of wickedness. This is a derogatory term for Bethel, which means house of God; see 1 Kings 12:28–29. after you, O Benjamin! Ephraim will become as a desolation on the day of rebuke; among the tribes of Israel I make known what is certain. The princes of Judah have become like those moving a landmark;5.10 See Proverbs 22:28 and Proverbs 23:10. on them I will pour out my wrath like the waters. Ephraim is oppressed, crushed in judgment, because he was willing to walk after worthless idols.5.11 Or to follow human precepts And I am like a moth to Ephraim, and like rot to the house of Judah. When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah his wound, Ephraim went to Assyria, and he sent to the great king;5.13 Or to King Jareb and he is not able to bring healing to you⁺, and he cannot remove your⁺ wound. For I am like a lion to Ephraim, and like a young lion to the house of Judah. I—I, will tear them and go away; I will take them, and no one is delivering. I will go—I will turn back to My place, until that they acknowledge their guilt and seek My face; in affliction they will earnestly seek Me.” The Unrepentance of Israel and Judah Come and let us return to YHWH, for He has torn us, and He will heal us; He has struck us, and He will bind us up. He will revive us after two days; on the third on the day He will raise us up, that we may live before His face. And let us know, let us press on to know YHWH. Like the dawn, His going forth is sure, and He will come like the rain to us, like the spring rain that showers the earth. What will I do to you, O Ephraim?6.4 That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 10 What will I do to you, O Judah? And your⁺ faithfulness is like a cloud of the morning, and like the dew rising and going away. Upon thus, I have hewn them by the prophets, I have killed them by the words of My mouth, and My judgments go forth as the light! For I delight in mercy, and not sacrifice, and the knowledge of God above burnt offerings. 6.6 Cited in Matthew 9:13 and Matthew 12:7 And they, like Adam, transgressed6.7 Or As at Adam, they transgressed the covenant; there they were unfaithful with Me. Gilead is a city of workers of iniquity, with a footprint of blood. Like raiders lying in wait for a man is the band of priests; they murder on the way to Shechem; surely, they have committed wickedness. In the house of Israel I have seen a horrible thing: There is the prostitution of Ephraim; Israel is defiled. Also, O Judah, a harvest is set for you, in My turning back the captivity of My people.6.11 Or in My restoring the fortunes of My people Ephraim’s Iniquity In My healing of Israel, the iniquity of Ephraim7.1 That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verses 8 and 11 is uncovered, and the wickedness of Samaria; for they practice deceit, and a thief comes in; bandits raid in the street. And they do not tell their hearts that all their evil I remember. Now their deeds have surrounded them; they are before My face. With their evil they make glad the king, and with their lies—princes. They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by a baker, who ceases stirring the fire after kneading the dough until it is leavened. On the day of our king, the princes became sick, raging from the wine; he stretched out his hand with the mockers. For they approach; like an oven is their heart in ambush; all night their baker is sleeping;7.6 Or their anger smolders in the morning it burns like a fire of flame. All of them are hot like an oven, and they devour their judges; all their kings have fallen; no one among them calls to Me. Ephraim, he has mixed himself with the nations; Ephraim is a cake not turned. Strangers have devoured his power, and he does not know; even gray hairs are scattered on him, and he does not know. And the pride of Israel testifies to his face; they do not return to YHWH their God, they do not seek Him in all this. And Ephraim is like a silly dove, without sense; to Egypt they call; to Assyria they go. When they go, I will spread over them My net, like birds of the heavens I will bring them down; I will chastise them according to the report of their congregation.7.12 Or I will chastise them when I hear them flocking together. Woe to them, for they have fled from Me! Destruction be to them, because they have transgressed against Me! And though I would redeem them, they have spoken lies against Me. And they did not cry out to Me with their heart, when they wailed upon their beds; they slash themselves7.14 Some Hebrew manuscripts and LXX; see 1 Kings 18:28. Most Hebrew manuscripts They gather together for grain and new wine; they rebel against Me. And I disciplined—I strengthened their arms; against Me they devise evil. They return, not to the Most High; they are like a bow of slackness; their princes will fall by the sword, from the insolence of their tongue; this is their derision in the land of Egypt. Israel Will Reap the Whirlwind To your mouth set the shofar, as an eagle over the house of YHWH, because they have transgressed My covenant, and against My law they have rebelled. To Me they cry, “O My God, Israel, we know You.” Israel has rejected the good; an enemy will pursue him. They set up kings, and not from Me; they made princes, and not ones I knew. With their silver and gold they made for themselves idols, that it might be cut off. He has rejected your calf,8.5 Or calf idol; see 1 Kings 12:29. O Samaria; My anger burns against them. Until when will they not be capable of innocence? For it is from Israel. A workman made it, and it is not God. Surely the calf of Samaria will be broken to pieces. For the wind they sow and they shall reap the whirlwind. The stalk is not unto it, a shoot not yielding flour; even if it should produce, strangers would swallow it up! Israel is swallowed up; now they are among the Gentiles, like a vessel with no delight in it. For they have gone up to Assyria; a wild donkey isolated by himself; Ephraim,8.9 That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 11 they have hired lovers. Even though they have hired among the nations, I will now gather them. And they will begin to diminish from the burden of the king of princes. Because Ephraim has multiplied altars for sin, they have become unto him altars for sinning. Were I to write for him the myriad things of My law, they would be regarded as a strange thing. The sacrifices of My gifts they sacrifice, and the flesh they eat— YHWH does not accept them. Now He has in mind their iniquity, and He will attend to their sins: They will return to Egypt. And Israel has forgotten his Maker and has built palaces, and Judah has multiplied fortified cities; and I will send fire upon his cities, and it will devour his palaces. Israel’s Punishment Do not be glad, O Israel, with rejoicing, like peoples. For you have prostitute yourself against your God; you have made love for hire on all the floors of threshing. The threshing floor and winepress will not feed them, and the new wine will fail in her. They will not dwell in the land of YHWH, and Ephraim9.3 That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; similarly in verses 8, 11, 13, and 16 will return to Egypt, and Assyria will eat unclean things. They will not pour out wine to YHWH, and their sacrifices they will not be pleasng to Him— like the bread of mourners to them, all those eating it will be defiled. For their bread is for their own soul; it will not come into the house of YHWH! What will you⁺ do on the day of the appointed feast, and on the day of the feast of YHWH? For behold, they go away from destruction. Egypt will gather them up, and Memphis will bury them! And the preciousness of their silver—the thistles will possess them, thorns in their tents. The days of punishment have come in; the days of recompense have come in. let Israel knows the prophet is a fool, the man of the spirit is insane over the abundance of your iniquity, and the greatness of your hatred. The prophet, with my God, is the one watching Ephraim;9.8 Or The prophet is the watchman over Ephraim, the people of my God a snare of a fowler is on all his paths; hostility is in the house of his God. They have sunk deep, corrupting themselves, as in the days of Gibeah; He will remember their iniquity; He will attend to their sins. Like grapes in the wilderness, I found Israel; as the firstfruits on the fig tree in its first season, I saw your⁺ fathers. They went to Baal-peor and dedicated themselves to that shame, and they became as detestable as that which they loved! Ephraim, like a bird, their glory will fly away from the birth and from the belly and from conceiving. Even if they bring up their sons, I will bereave them of each man. Yes indeed, woe to them, at My turning away from them! Ephraim, as I have seen, like Tyre, is planted in a pleasant place; and Ephraim will bring out his children to one who slaughters. Give to them, O YHWH, what will You give? Give to them a womb miscarrying, and breasts that are dry. All their evil is in Gilgal, for there I came to hate them, because of the evil of their deeds, I will drive them out from My house. I will not continue to love them; all their princes are rebellious. Ephraim is stricken, their root has withered; they will not bear fruit. Even if they give birth, I will kill the precious ones of their womb. My God will reject them, because they did not listen to Him, and they will be wanderers among the nations. Retribution for Israel’s Sin Israel was a luxuriant vine; he set forth fruit for himself. With the increase of his fruit, he made an increase of the altars; according to the richness of his land, they made rich the sacred pillars. Their heart has been divided, now they are guilty; He will break down their altars; He will demolish their sacred pillars. For now they say, “There is no king for us, because we did not fear YHWH; and as for the king, what could he do for us?” They have spoken words, swearing falsely in cutting a covenant, and judgment sprouts up like a poison in the furrows of the field. For the calf of Beth-aven10.5 Beth-aven means house of wickedness. This is a derogatory term for Bethel, which means house of God; see 1 Kings 12:28–29. those dwelling in Samaria fear; indeed its people mourn over it, and its idolatrous priests who rejoiced over it, over its glory that has departed from it. Also it will be carried along to Assyria as tribute to the great king;10.6 Or to King Jareb Ephraim10.6 That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 11 will receive shame, and Israel will be ashamed of his idol.10.6 Or of its own counsel Samaria will be cut off with her king, like a twig on the face of the water. The high places of Aven will be destroyed, and the sin of Israel; the thorn and thistle will come up over their altars, and they will say to the mountains, “Cover us!” And to the hills, “Fall on us!10.8 Or of wickedness; Aven is a reference to Beth-aven (a derogatory term for Bethel); see verse 5.” 10.8 Cited in Luke 23:30; see also Revelation 6:16. From the days of Gibeah, you have sinned, O Israel. There they have stood. Did it not overtake them in Gibeah— the battle against the sons of iniquity?10.9 Or Did not the battle overtake the sons of iniquity in Gibeah? When I desire, I will discipline them; and peoples will be gathered against them, at My disciplining them for the two of their transgressions. And Ephraim is a trained heifer, loving to thresh; and I passed over upon her fair neck; I will drive Ephraim; Judah will plow; Jacob will harrow for him. Sow for yourselves unto righteousness, and reap to the mouth of loving devotion; break up for yourself the fallow ground, for it is time to seek YHWH, until He should come and shower righteousness upon you⁺. You⁺ have plowed wickedness; you⁺ have reaped injustice; you⁺ have eaten the fruit of lies. Because you trusted in your own way, in the multitude of your mighty men, therefore will arise an uproar among your people, and all your fortresses will be destroyed, like the destruction of Shalman in Beth-arbel on the day of battle, when a mother upon her children was dashed to pieces. So may He do to you⁺, O Bethel, from the face of your⁺ great evil; at dawn he will be utterly cut off— the king of Israel! Out of Egypt I Called My Son (Matthew 2:13–15) When Israel was a child, I loved him; and out of Egypt I called My son.11.1 Cited in Matthew 2:15 And I called to them, so they went away from My face;11.2 LXX; Hebrew They called them, so they went away from their faces to the Baals they sacrificed, and to the carved images they burned incense. And I had guided the feet of Ephraim,11.3 That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verses 8, 9, and 12 taking them by the arms; they did not know that it was I who healed them. With cords of humanity I drew them, with bands of love; and I was to them like those lifting the yoke up from their jaws, and I bent down to them to let them eat. He will not return to the land of Egypt, and Assyria—it will be his king, because they refused to return. And the sword will twist through his cities, and will finish off his bars, and will devour their counseling! And My people are bent on turning away from Me; though to the Most High they call to Him, He will not at all exalt them. God’s Love for Israel How can I give you up, O Ephraim? Can I deliver you up, O Israel? How can I make you like Admah? Can I make you like Zeboiim? My heart is turned over within Me, together My compassions are kindled. I will not act in the burning of My anger; I will not turn back to destroy Ephraim. For I am God, and not a man— the Holy One in your midst, and I will not come in enmity. After YHWH they shall walk; like a lion He will roar; when He roars, the sons from the west will come trembling. They will come trembling like a bird from Egypt, and like a dove from the land of Assyria, and I will let them dwell in their homes, a declaration of YHWH. Ephraim has surrounded Me with lies, and the house of Israel with deceit, and Judah still wanders restlessly with God, and with the holy ones is faithful.11.12 Or and Judah is unruly against God, the faithful Holy One A Reproof of Ephraim, Judah, and Jacob Ephraim12.1 That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verses 8 and 14 is grazing on the wind and pursuing the east wind all the day, he multiplies lies and violence; they cut a covenant with Assyria and oil is carried to Egypt. A dispute is unto YHWH against Judah, to visit punishment on Jacob12.2 Jacob means he grasps the heel or he deceives. according to his ways; according to his deeds He will recompense to him. In the womb he took his brother by the heel, and in his strength he struggled with God. He struggled with the angel12.4 Or Angel and prevailed; he wept and sought favor from Him; at Bethel he found Him, and there He spoke with Him,12.4 LXX and Syriac; MT and there He spoke with us and YHWH, God of Hosts— YHWH is His memorial. And you must return to your God; Keep love and justice, and wait for your God continually! A Canaanite12.7 Or a merchant has scales of deceit in his hand; he loves to oppress. And Ephraim said, “Surely I have become rich. I have found wealth for myself. In all my labors they will find in me no iniquity that is sin.” And I am YHWH your God, from the land of Egypt; again I will make you dwell in tents, as in the days of the appointed feast. And I have spoken by the prophets, and I have multiplied visions, and by the hand of the prophets I have given parables. If iniquity is in Gilead, surely they are worthless; In Gilgal they sacrifice bulls; even their altars are as heaps over the furrows of the field. And Jacob fled to the land of Aram,12.12 That is, northwest Mesopotamia and Israel worked for a wife, and for a wife he tended. And by a prophet YHWH brought up Israel from Egypt, and by a prophet he was kept. Ephraim has provoked to anger bitterly, and his bloodguilt He will leave upon him, and his reproach his Lord will make return to him. God’s Anger against Israel When Ephraim13.1 That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 12 spoke there was trembling; he was exalted in Israel, and he became guilty by the Baal, and he died. And now they add to sin, and have made for themselves molten images idols from their silver according to their skill, the work of craftsmen, all of them. They say of them, “Those who sacrifice man, they will kiss the calves.”13.2 Or “The men who sacrifice will kiss the calves!” See 1 Kings 19:18. Therefore they will be like the cloud of morning, and like the dew rising early that passes away, like chaff that swirls from the threshing floor, and like smoke from a window. For I am YHWH your God, from the land of Egypt; and you know no gods besides Me, and no one is able to save besides Me! I knew you in the wilderness, in the land of drought. At their grazing, they became satisfied; they were filled, and their heart was exalted; upon thus they forgot Me! And I will become to them like a lion; like a leopard alongside the pathway I will watch. I will encounter them like a bear bereaved, and I will tear open the enclosure of their heart; there I will devour them like a lion; a beast of the field will tear them apart. Death and Resurrection (1 Corinthians 15:50–58) He has destroyed you, O Israel, for you are against Me, against your helper! Where is your king now,13.10 Or Shall I be your King now that he may save you in all your cities? And your rulers of whom you said, “Give to me a king and princes”? I gave to you a king in My anger, and I took him away in My wrath. The iniquity of Ephraim is bound up; his sin is stored up. The pains of childbirth will come to him; he is not a wise a son, for he would not stand at the time for the breaking forth of sons. I will ransom them from the hand of Sheol; will I redeem them from death. Where are your plagues, O Death? Where is your destruction, O Grave?13.14 Or Shall I ransom them from the power of Sheol? Shall I redeem them from Death? Compassion is hidden from My eyes! 13.14 LXX Where, O Death, is your penalty? Where, O Hades, is your sting? Cited in 1 Corinthians 15:55 Judgment on Samaria Though he is fruitful among his brothers an east wind will come, the wind of YHWH! From the desert it is coming up, and his fountain will become dry, and his spring will dry out; it will plunder the treasure of every article of desire. Samaria is guilty, for she has rebelled against her God. They will fall by the sword; their infants will be dashed to pieces, and their pregnant women ripped open. A Call to Repentance (Jeremiah 3:11–25; Zechariah 1:1–6) So return, O Israel, to YHWH your God! For you have stumbled by your iniquity. Take with you⁺ words, and return to YHWH. Say to Him: “Lift away all iniquity, and receive what is good, and we offer the fruit of our lips.14.2 LXX and Syriac; Hebrew and we offer the calves of our lips Assyria cannot save us; we will not ride on horses, and we will not say anymore, ‘Our gods’ to the work of our hands. For in You the fatherless find compassion.” A Promise of God’s Blessing I will heal their backsliding, I will love them willingly; for My anger has turned back from him. I will be like the dew to Israel; he will blossom like the lily, and he will strike forth his roots like Lebanon. His branches will go forth, and his beauty will be like the olive tree, and the fragrance unto him like Lebanon. Those dwelling in his shade will return; they will revive like the grain and blossom like the vine; his memorial is as wine of Lebanon. O Ephraim,14.8 That is, the northern kingdom of Israel what is unto me anymore with idols? I have answered and have watched over him. I am luxuriant like a cypress;14.8 Or pine or juniper or fir your fruit is found in Me. Who is wise? Let him understand these things. Who is understanding? Let him know them. For straight are the ways of YHWH, and the righteous walk in them, and transgressors stumble in them.