eng_aiv Amundson Interpretive Version Galatians Galatians Galatians Gal Galatians id=eng_aiv name=Amundson Interpretive Version (AIV) status=draft spec=USFM-USX 3.1.1 export=2026-11-02 char:add=translator-addition-italic char:wj=words-of-Jesus-as-received-unmapped note:f=footnotes para:r=parallel-passage-references para:d=psalm-superscriptions Paul’s Greeting to the Galatians Paul, an apostle—not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, the One having raised Him out from the dead— and all the brothers with me, To the churches of Galatia: Grace to you⁺ and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ,1.3 SBL, BYZ, and TR God the Father and our Lord Jesus Christ the One having given Himself for our sins so that He might rescue us out of the present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father, to whom be the glory to the ages of the ages. Amen. No Other Gospel I marvel that so quickly you⁺ are deserting from the One having called you⁺ in the grace of Christ to another gospel, which is not another, except there are some who are troubling you⁺ and are wanting to pervert the gospel of Christ. But even if we or an angel out of heaven should preach a gospel to you⁺ contrary to what we preached to you⁺, let him be accursed! As we have said before, even now I say again: If anyone preaches a gospel to you⁺ contrary to what you⁺ received, let him be accursed! Paul Preaches the Gospel For presently do I appease men, or God? Or do I seek to please men? If1.10 BYZ and TR For if I were still pleasing men, I would not be a servant of Christ. For1.11 BYZ and TR And I make known to you⁺, brothers, the gospel having been preached by me, that it is not according to man.1.11 Or not devised by man For I neither received it from man, nor was I taught it, but through a revelation of Jesus Christ.1.12 F35 of Christ For you⁺ heard of my conduct formerly in Judaism, that according to excess I was persecuting the church of God and was ravaging it. And I was advancing in Judaism beyond many contemporaries among my kindred, being more abundantly zealous for the traditions of my fathers. But when God was well pleased—the One having set me apart from the womb of my mother and having called me by His grace— to reveal His Son in me so that I might preach Him among the Gentiles, I conferred not immediately with flesh and blood, nor did I go up to Jerusalem to the apostles before me, but I went away to Arabia and returned again to Damascus. Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to make acquaintance with Cephas,1.18 That is, Peter and I remained with him fifteen days. But I did not see any of the other apostles except James, the brother of the Lord. Now the things I write to you⁺, behold before God that I do not lie. Then I went to the regions of Syria and Cilicia. But I was unknown by face to the churches of Judea that are in Christ. But they were only hearing that “the one formerly persecuting us now preaches the faith that formerly he was ravaging.” And they were glorifying God in me. The Council at Jerusalem (Acts 15:5–21) Then after fourteen years I went up again to Jerusalem with Barnabas, having taken along Titus also. Now I went up according to a revelation, and I set before them the gospel that I proclaim among the Gentiles; but in private to those esteemed, lest somehow I might be running or had run in vain. But not even Titus, who was with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised, even because of the false brothers introduced stealthily, who came in stealthily to spy on our freedom that we have in Christ Jesus, so that they will enslave us, to whom we did not yield in submission for even an hour, so that the truth of the gospel might remain with you⁺. Now of those being esteemed to be something, whatever they were formerly makes no difference to me—God does not accept the face of man—2.6 Or God does not show favoritism—for those being esteemed imparted nothing to me. But on the contrary, having seen that I have been entrusted with the gospel of the uncircumcision just as Peter of the circumcision— for the One having worked in Peter for an apostleship of the circumcision worked also in me for the Gentiles— and having known the grace having been given to me, James and Cephas2.9 That is, Peter; also in verses 11 and 14 and John, those esteemed to be pillars, gave to me and Barnabas the right hands of fellowship, that we are unto the Gentiles, but they unto the circumcision, only that we should remember the poor, also the same thing that I was eager to do. Paul Confronts Cephas But when Cephas2.11 BYZ and TR Peter; also in verse 14 came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face because he was standing condemned. For before certain ones came from James, he was eating with the Gentiles. But when they came, he was drawing back and was separating himself, fearing those of the circumcision. And also the rest of the Jews acted hypocritically with him, so that even Barnabas was carried away by their hypocrisy. But when I saw that they are not walking in line with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas before all, “If you, being a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how do you compel the Gentiles to Judaize?”2.14 Some translators close this quotation after verse 16 or 21. We by nature Jews and not “sinners of the Gentiles,” are knowing now that a man is not justified by works of the law, except through faith from Jesus Christ.2.16 WH Christ Jesus We also believed in Christ Jesus, that we may be justified by faith from Christ and not by works of the law, because by works of the law not any flesh will be justified. But if, seeking to be justified in Christ, we ourselves also were found sinners, is Christ then a minister of sin? Never may it be! For if I build again these things that I tore down, I prove myself a transgressor. For through the law I died to the law so that I might live to God. I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. And that which I now live in the flesh, I live in faith of the Son of God, the One having loved me and having given up Himself for me. I do not set aside the grace of God. For if righteousness is through the law, then Christ died for nothing. Faith and Belief (James 2:14–26) O foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you⁺,3.1 BYZ and TR include not to obey the truth. before whose eyes Jesus Christ was previously written3.1 BYZ and TR include among you. as having been crucified? I want only to learn this from you⁺: Did you⁺ receive the Spirit out of works of the law or out of hearing of faith? Are you⁺ so foolish? Having begun in the Spirit, are you⁺ now finishing in the flesh? Did you⁺ suffer so much in vain, if indeed even in vain? Therefore, the One supplying to you⁺ the Spirit and working miracles among you⁺, is it out of works of the law, or out of hearing of faith— just as, “Abraham believed God and it was reckoned to him for righteousness”? 3.6 Genesis 15:6 Know, then, that those of faith, these are sons of Abraham. Now the Scripture, having foreseen that God justifies the Gentiles by faith, proclaimed the gospel beforehand to Abraham: “All the nations will be blessed in you.” 3.8 See Genesis 12:3, Genesis 18:18, and Genesis 22:18. So then, those of faith are blessed along with the faithful Abraham. Christ Has Redeemed Us For as many as are of works of the law, they are under a curse, for it has been written: “Cursed is everyone who does not continue in all things having been written in the Book of the Law, to do them.” 3.10 Deuteronomy 27:26 (see also LXX) Now it is evident that no one is justified before God in the law, because, “The righteous will live out of faith.” 3.11 Habakkuk 2:4 But the law is not out of faith; rather, “The one having done these things will live in them.”3.12 BYZ and TR The man who 3.12 Leviticus 18:5; see also Ezekiel 20:11, 13, and 21. Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us—for it has been written: “Cursed is everyone hanging on a tree,” 3.13 Deuteronomy 21:23 (see also LXX) so that the blessing of Abraham3.14 Or the blessing promised to Abraham might come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, so that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith. The Purpose of the Law (Romans 7:1–6) Brothers, I am speaking according to man. Even a covenant of man having been ratified, no one sets it aside or adds thereto. Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. It does not say “and to seeds,” as of many, but as of One, “and to your seed,” who is Christ. 3.16 Genesis 12:7; Genesis 13:15 Now I say this: The law, having come four hundred and thirty years afterward, does not repeal the covenant having been ratified beforehand by God,3.17 BYZ and TR include in Christ. so as to nullify the promise. For if the inheritance is by the law, it is no longer by a promise. But God has granted it to Abraham through a promise. Why then the law? It was added on account of transgressions, until the seed to whom promise has been made shall have come, having been ordained through angels in the hand of a mediator. Now the mediator is not of one; but God is one. Is the law, therefore, contrary to the promises of God? Never may it be! For if a law were given being able to make alive, then righteousness indeed would have been from out of the law. But the Scripture shut in all things under sin, so that by faith from Jesus Christ the promise might be given to those believing. Now before the faith came, we were being held in custody under the law, having been shut in until the faith being about to be revealed, so that the law has become our tutor unto Christ, so that we might be justified by faith. And faith having come, we are no longer under a tutor. Sons through Faith in Christ For you⁺ are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. For as many of you⁺ as were baptized into Christ, you⁺ put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male and female; for you⁺ are all one in Christ Jesus. Now if you⁺ are of Christ, then you⁺ are Abraham’s seed, heirs according to promise. Sons and Heirs Now I say, for as long a time as the heir is a child, he differs nothing from a slave, though being lord of all. But he is under guardians and managers until the appointed time of the father. So also we, when we were children, were enslaved under the elements4.3 Or basic principles of the world. But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, having been born of a woman, having been born under the law, that He might redeem those under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons. And because you⁺ are sons, God sent forth the Spirit of His Son into our4.6 BYZ and TR your hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father!” So you are no longer a slave but a son; and if a son, also an heir through God.4.7 BYZ and TR an heir of God through Christ Paul’s Concern for the Galatians But then, indeed, not knowing God, you⁺ were in slavery to those by nature not being gods. But now, having known God, but rather having been known by God, how do you⁺ turn again to the weak and poor elements,4.9 Or principles to which you⁺ want to be in slavery again anew? You⁺ observe days and months and seasons and years! I fear for you⁺, lest somehow I have toiled for you⁺ in vain. I implore you⁺, brothers, become as I am, because I also am as you⁺. You⁺ wronged me in nothing. Now you⁺ know that in weakness of the flesh I preached the gospel to you⁺ the first time. And the test of you⁺4.14 BYZ and TR to me in my flesh, you⁺ did not despise nor reject; but you⁺ received me as an angel of God, as Christ Jesus. Where then is your⁺ blessedness? For I testify to you⁺ that, if possible, having gouged out your⁺ eyes, you⁺ would have given them to me. So have I become your⁺ enemy speaking truth to you⁺? They are zealous for you⁺, not nobly, but they want to exclude you⁺ from us, so that you⁺ may be zealous for them. Now it is good to be zealous in a good thing, always and not only in my being present with you⁺. My children,4.19 BYZ and TR My little children of whom I travail again until that Christ shall have been formed in you⁺, I was wishing indeed to be present with you⁺ now and to change my tone, because I am perplexed as to you⁺. Hagar and Sarah (Genesis 21:9–21) Tell me, those wanting to be under the law, do you⁺ not listen to the law? For it has been written that Abraham had two sons, one of the slave woman and one of the free woman.4.22 See Genesis 16:15 and Genesis 21:2–3. But indeed, the one of the slave woman has been born according to flesh, but the one of the free woman through the promise, which things are allegorized, for these are two4.24 TR the two covenants: one indeed from Mount Sinai begetting unto slavery, which is Hagar. Now4.25 BYZ and TR For Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present Jerusalem, for4.25 BYZ and TR and she is in slavery with her children. But the Jerusalem above is free, who is our mother.4.26 BYZ and TR and she is the mother of us all For it has been written: “Rejoice O barren woman, the one not bearing; break forth and cry out, the one not travailing; because many more are the children of the desolate woman than of her having the husband.” 4.27 Isaiah 54:1 Now you⁺,4.28 WH, BYZ, and TR we brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise. But just as then the one having been born according to flesh was persecuting the one born according to the Spirit, so also it is now. But what does the Scripture say? “Cast out the slave woman and her son, for the son of the slave woman will never inherit with the son of the free woman.” 4.30 Genesis 21:10 Therefore, brothers, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman. Freedom in Christ In freedom Christ set us free. Stand firm,5.1 BYZ and TR In the freedom for which Christ has set us free, stand firm, therefore, and do not be entangled again in a yoke of slavery. Behold, I, Paul, say to you⁺ that if you⁺ may become circumcised, Christ will profit you⁺ nothing. Now I testify again to every man becoming circumcised that he is a debtor to do the whole law. You⁺ were severed from Christ, whoever are being justified in the law; you⁺ fell away from grace. For through the Spirit, by faith, we eagerly await the hope of righteousness. For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any power, but faith working through love. You⁺ were running well. Who obstructed you⁺ not to obey the truth? This persuasion is not of the One calling you⁺. A little leaven leavens the whole lump. I am confident as to you⁺ in the Lord that you⁺ will have no other mind. But the one troubling you⁺ will bear the judgment, whoever he might be. Now, brothers, if I still proclaim circumcision, why still am I persecuted? Then the offense of the cross has been nullified. I wish those upsetting you⁺ also will cut themselves off! For you⁺ were called to freedom, brothers, only not the freedom for an opportunity to the flesh. But serve one another through love. For all the law is fulfilled in one word, in this: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” 5.14 Leviticus 19:18 But if you⁺ bite and devour one another, watch out, lest you⁺ might be consumed by one another. Walking by the Spirit (Ezekiel 36:16–38; Romans 8:9–11) Now I say, walk by the Spirit, and you⁺ shall never complete the desire of the flesh. For the flesh desires against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh. For these are opposed to one another so that the things you⁺ may want, these things you⁺ may not do. But if you⁺ are led by the Spirit, you⁺ are not under the law. Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are5.19 BYZ and TR include adultery. sexual immorality, impurity, sensuality, idolatry, sorcery, hostilities,5.20 Or hatred strife,5.20 CT and F35 quarreling or discord jealousy,5.20 BYZ and TR jealousies outbursts of rage, rivalries, dissensions, factions, envies,5.21 BYZ and TR include murders. drunkennesses, carousings, and things like these, as to which I say to you⁺ beforehand, as also I said before, that those doing such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control. Against such things there is no law. Now those of Christ Jesus5.24 BYZ and TR those of Christ crucified the flesh with the passions and the desires. If we live by the Spirit, we should also walk by the Spirit. We should not become conceited, provoking one another, envying one another. Carry One Another’s Burdens Brothers, even if a man should be overtaken in some trespass, you⁺ the spiritual ones, restore such a one in a spirit of gentleness, looking at yourself, lest you also be tempted. Bear one another’s burdens and thus you⁺ will fulfill the law of Christ. For if anyone thinks himself to be something being nothing, he deceives himself. But let each test his own work, and then he will have boasting in regard to himself alone, and not in regard to another. For each will bear his own load. Now let the one being instructed in the word share with the one instructing in all good things. Do not be led astray: God is not mocked. For whatever a man may sow, this also he will reap. For the one sowing to his flesh, from the flesh will reap corruption; but the one sowing to the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life. And we should not grow fainthearted in doing good, for in due time we will reap, not giving up. So then, as we have opportunity, we should work good toward all, and especially toward those of the household of the faith. Final Warnings and Blessings See what large letters I have written to you⁺ with my own hand! As many as want to have a fair appearance in the flesh, these compel you⁺ to be circumcised, only that they may not be persecuted for the cross of Christ.6.12 WH Christ Jesus For not even those being circumcised keep the law themselves, but they want you⁺ to be circumcised that they may boast in your⁺ flesh. But for me, may it be never to boast, except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which6.14 Or through whom the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world. For6.15 BYZ and TR include in Christ Jesus. neither circumcision nor uncircumcision is anything, but a new creation. And as many as those who will walk by this rule, peace and mercy be upon them, and upon the Israel of God. Henceforth, let no one cause to me troubles, for I bear on my body the marks of Jesus.6.17 BYZ and TR the marks of the Lord Jesus The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your⁺ spirit, brothers. Amen.