eng_aiv Amundson Interpretive Version 1 Corinthians 1 Corinthians 1 Corinthians 1 Cor 1 Corinthians id=eng_aiv name=Amundson Interpretive Version (AIV) status=draft spec=USFM-USX 3.1.1 export=2026-11-02 char:add=translator-addition-italic char:wj=words-of-Jesus-as-received-unmapped note:f=footnotes para:r=parallel-passage-references para:d=psalm-superscriptions Greetings from Paul and Sosthenes (Acts 18:1–11; 2 Corinthians 1:1–2) Paul, a called apostle of Christ Jesus1.1 BYZ and TR of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Sosthenes the brother, To the church of God being in Corinth, having been sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be holy, with all those in every place calling on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, theirs and ours:1.2 BYZ and TR both theirs and ours Grace to you⁺ and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Thanksgiving (Philippians 1:3–11; Colossians 1:3–14) I thank my1.4 WH does not include my. God always concerning you⁺ for the grace of God having been given to you⁺ in Christ Jesus, that in everything you⁺ were enriched in Him, in all speech and all knowledge, even as the testimony of Christ was confirmed in you⁺, so as for you⁺ not to be lacking in any gift, eagerly awaiting the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ, who also will confirm you⁺ until the end, blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. Faithful is God, by whom you⁺ were called into fellowship with His Son Jesus Christ our Lord. Unity in the Church (Psalm 133:1–3; Ephesians 4:1–16) Now I exhort you⁺, brothers, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you⁺ may speak the same thing and there may be no divisions among you⁺, but you⁺ may be made complete in the same mind and in the same judgment. For it was revealed to me concerning you⁺, my brothers, by those of Chloe, that there are contentions among you⁺. Now I say this, that each of you⁺ says, “I am indeed of Paul,” and “I of Apollos,” and “I of Cephas,”1.12 That is, Peter and “I of Christ.” Has Christ been divided? Was Paul crucified for you⁺? Or were you⁺ baptized into the name of Paul? I thank God1.14 SBL, TH, and WH I am thankful that I baptized none of you⁺ except Crispus and Gaius, so that no one can say that you⁺ were baptized1.15 BYZ and TR that I baptized into my name. Now also I baptized the household of Stephanas; as to the rest, I do not know if I baptized any other. For Christ did not send me to baptize, but to preach the gospel, not in wisdom of word, so that the cross of the Christ should not be made void. The Message of the Cross For the word of the cross is foolishness to those indeed perishing, but to us, those being saved, it is the power of God. For it has been written: “I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and the intelligence of the intelligent I will set aside.” 1.19 Isaiah 29:14 (see also LXX) Where is the wise man? Where is the scribe? Where is the debater of this age? Did not God make foolish the wisdom of the world?1.20 BYZ and TR of this world For since in the wisdom of God the world through wisdom did not know God, God was well pleased through the foolishness of the preaching to save those believing. Since also Jews ask for signs1.22 BYZ and TR a sign and Greeks search for wisdom, we, however, preach Christ having been crucified, a stumbling block indeed to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles,1.23 BYZ and TR to Greeks but to those called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. For the foolishness of God is wiser than men,1.25 Or than man's wisdom and the weakness of God stronger than men.1.25 Or than man's strength Wisdom from God For consider your⁺ calling, brothers, that not many were wise according to the flesh, not many powerful, not many of noble birth. But God chose the foolish things of the world so that He might shame the wise; and God chose the weak things of the world so that He might shame the strong; and the lowborn of the world, and the things being despised, God also chose—the things not being—that He might nullify the things being, so that not any flesh might boast before God. But out of Him you⁺ are in Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, and righteousness and sanctification and redemption, so that, as it has been written: “The one boasting, let him boast in the Lord.” 1.31 Jeremiah 9:24 Paul’s Message by the Spirit’s Power And I, having come to you⁺, brothers, did not come according to excellence of speech or of wisdom, proclaiming to you⁺ the testimony2.1 NA and WH the mystery of God. For I decided not to know anything among you⁺ except Jesus Christ and Him having been crucified. And I was with you⁺ in weakness and in fear and in much trembling. And my speech and my preaching were not in persuasive words of wisdom,2.4 BYZ and TR of human wisdom but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power, so that your⁺ faith may not be in the wisdom of men, but in the power of God. Spiritual Wisdom (Ephesians 1:15–23) But we speak wisdom among the mature, but not the wisdom of this age, nor of the rulers of this age, who are coming to nothing. But we speak the wisdom of God in a mystery having been hidden away, which God predestined before the ages for our glory, which none of the rulers of this age has known. For if they had known, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory. But as it has been written: “What no eye has seen, and no ear has heard, and has not gone up upon the heart of man— as much as God prepared for those loving Him.” 2.9 Isaiah 64:4 For God revealed it to us through the Spirit.2.10 BYZ and TR His Spirit For the Spirit searches all things, even the depths of God. For who of men knows the things of the man except the spirit of the man that is in him? So also, no one has known the things of God except the Spirit of God. Now we did not receive the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who is from God, so that we may know the things having been graciously given to us by God, which also we speak, not in words taught of human wisdom, but in those taught of the Spirit,2.13 BYZ and TR the Holy Spirit expressing spiritual things by spiritual means.2.13 Or to spiritual people But the natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him, and he is not able to know them, because they are spiritually discerned. But the spiritual man judges all things, but he himself is judged by no one. For “who has known the mind of the Lord, that he will instruct Him?” But we have the mind of Christ. 2.16 Isaiah 40:13 (see also LXX) God’s Fellow Workers (Hebrews 5:11–14) And I, brothers, was not able to speak to you⁺ as to spiritual but as to fleshly—as to infants in Christ. I gave you⁺ milk to drink, not food, for you⁺ were not yet able. But now you⁺ are still not able, for you⁺ are still fleshly. For where jealousy and strife3.3 BYZ and TR include and division. are among you⁺, are you⁺ not fleshly and walking according to man? For when one may say, “I am indeed of Paul,” and another, “I of Apollos,” are you⁺ not men?3.4 BYZ and TR are you not of the flesh Who then is Apollos? And who is Paul?3.5 BYZ and TR Who then is Paul? And who is Apollos? Servants through whom you⁺ believed, even as the Lord gave to each. I planted, Apollos watered, but God was giving growth. So neither the one planting nor the one watering is anything, but only God, the One giving growth. Now the one planting and the one watering are one,3.8 Or are one in purpose and each will receive his own reward according to his own labor. For we are God’s fellow workers; you⁺ are God’s field, God’s building. Christ Our Foundation (Isaiah 28:14–22; Ephesians 2:19–22; 1 Peter 2:1–8) According to the grace of God having been given to me, as a wise master builder I laid a foundation, but another is building upon it. But let each one take heed how he builds upon it. For no one is able to lay another foundation besides the one already laid, which is Jesus Christ. Now if anyone builds upon the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw, the work of each will become manifest, for the day will make it evident, because it is revealed in fire, and the fire itself will prove the work of each, what sort it is. If the work of anyone that he built up will remain, he will receive a reward. If the work of anyone will be burned up, he will suffer loss; but he himself will be saved, but only as through fire. God’s Temple and God’s Wisdom (Romans 12:1–8; 1 Corinthians 6:18–20) Do you⁺ not know that you⁺ are God’s temple, and the Spirit of God dwells in3.16 Or among you⁺? If anyone destroys God’s temple, God will destroy him; for God’s temple is holy, which you⁺ are. Let no one deceive himself: If anyone thinks himself to be wise among you⁺ in this age, let him become foolish, so that he may become wise. For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God. For it has been written: “He is the One catching the wise in their craftiness,” 3.19 Job 5:13 and again, “The Lord knows the reasonings of the wise, that they are futile.” 3.20 Psalm 94:11 Therefore let no one boast in men. For all things are yours⁺, whether Paul or Apollos or Cephas3.22 That is, Peter or the world or life or death or things present or things about to be—all are yours⁺, and you⁺ are of Christ, and Christ is of God. Servants of Christ So let a man reckon us as servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God. Here, henceforth, it is required in the stewards that one should be found faithful. But to me, it is a very little thing that I should be examined by you⁺ or by a human day. Yet neither do I examine myself. For I am conscious of nothing against myself, yet I have not been justified by this; but the One examining me is the Lord. So then do not judge anything before the time, until the Lord shall have come, who both will bring to light the hidden things of darkness and will make manifest the purposes of hearts; and then the praise will come to each from God. Now I have applied these things, brothers, to myself and Apollos on account of you⁺, so that in us you⁺ may learn, “Not beyond what has been written,”4.6 BYZ and TR you may learn not to think beyond what has been written, so that not one of you⁺ may be puffed up over one against the other. For who makes you different? And what do you have that you did not receive? And if also you did receive it, why do you boast as not having received it? Already you⁺ are satiated; already you⁺ were enriched; apart from us you⁺ reigned—and I wish that you⁺ indeed reigned, so that we also might reign together with you⁺. For I think God set forth us, the apostles, last, as appointed to death, because we became a spectacle to the world, both to angels and to men. We are fools on account of Christ, but you⁺ are wise in Christ; we are weak, but you⁺ are strong; you⁺ are glorious, but we are without honor. As far as the present hour, we both hunger and thirst, and are poorly clothed, and are battered, and wander homeless, and we toil, working with our own hands. Being reviled, we bless; being persecuted, we bear it; being slandered, we entreat. We became as the scum of the world, the refuse of all, until now. Paul’s Fatherly Warning I do not write these things shaming you⁺, but admonishing you as my beloved children. For although you⁺ may have ten thousand guardians in Christ, yet not many fathers; for in Christ Jesus I begat you⁺ through the gospel. Therefore I exhort you⁺, become imitators of me. Because of this, I sent to you⁺ Timothy, who is my beloved and faithful child in the Lord, who will remind you⁺ of my ways that are in Christ Jesus,4.17 BYZ and TR my ways that are in Christ, as I teach everywhere in every church. Now some were puffed up, as if I were not coming to you⁺. But I will come to you⁺ shortly, if the Lord might will, and I will know not only the talk of those being puffed up, but the power. For the kingdom of God is not in word but in power. What do you⁺ want? Should I come to you⁺ with a rod, or in love and a spirit of gentleness? Immorality Rebuked (Leviticus 20:10–21; Proverbs 5:1–23) Sexual immorality is actually heard of among you⁺, and sexual immorality such as is not even5.1 BYZ and TR not even named among the nations, so as for one to have the wife of the father. And you⁺ are puffed up! And did you not rather mourn, so that the one having done this work might be removed out of your⁺ midst? For I indeed, being absent in body but being present in spirit, have already judged the one having thus carried this out, as being present, in the name our Lord Jesus,5.4 BYZ and TR in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ in your⁺ having been gathered together, and my spirit, with the power of the Lord Jesus, to deliver up such a one to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, so that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord.5.5 BYZ and TR the Lord Jesus Your⁺ boasting is not good. Do you⁺ not know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump? Cleanse out5.7 TR Cleanse out, therefore, the old leaven, so that you⁺ may be a new lump, as you⁺ are, unleavened. For also Christ our Passover was sacrificed,5.7 BYZ and TR include for us. so that we may keep the feast, not with old leaven, not with leaven of malice and wickedness, but with unleavened bread of sincerity and of truth. Expel the Immoral Brother I wrote to you⁺ in the letter not to associate with sexually immoral people, not altogether with the sexually immoral of this world, or with the coveters and5.10 BYZ and TR or swindlers, or idolaters—since then you⁺ would need to go out from the world. But now I wrote to you⁺ not to associate with anyone being named a brother if he may be sexually immoral or a coveter, or an idolater or a reviler, or a drunkard or a swindler—with such a one not even to eat. For what is it to me to judge those outside? Do you⁺ not judge those inside? But God judges those outside. “Expel the wicked one from among yourselves.” 5.13 Or Expel the evil from among you; Deuteronomy 13:5, 17:7, 19:19, 21:21, 22:21, 22:24, and 24:7 Lawsuits among Believers Dare any one of you⁺, having a matter against the other, go to be judged before the unrighteous and not before the saints? Or do you⁺ not know that saints will judge the world? And if the world is judged by you⁺, are you⁺ unworthy of the least of cases? Do you⁺ not know that we will judge angels? How much more the things of life? Therefore indeed, if you⁺ have cases as to the things of life, do you⁺ seat these, the ones being despised in the church? I speak to you⁺ for shame. Thus is there no one6.5 BYZ and TR no even one wise among you⁺ who will be able to discern in the midst of his brother? But brother goes to be judged against brother, and this before unbelievers! Therefore indeed, it is already altogether a defeat for you⁺ that you⁺ have lawsuits with one another. Why not rather be wronged? Why not rather be defrauded? But you⁺ do wrong and defraud, and this to brothers! Members of Christ Or do you⁺ not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be led astray: neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, nor thieves, nor coveters,6.10 BYZ nor coveters, nor theives nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God. And some of you⁺ were these. But you⁺ were washed, but you⁺ were sanctified, but you⁺ were justified, in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ6.11 BYZ and TR the Lord Jesus; TH and WH our Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God. “All things are lawful to me,” but not all things profit. “All things are lawful to me,” but I will not be mastered by anything. “Foods for the belly and the belly for foods,” but God will nullify both this and these. Now the body is not for sexual immorality, but for the Lord, and the Lord for the body. And God both raised the Lord, and He will raise us up, through His power. Do you⁺ not know that your⁺ bodies are members of Christ? Having taken, then, the members of the Christ, shall I make them members of a prostitute? Never may it be! Or do you⁺ not know that the one being joined to the prostitute is one body? For it says, “The two will be into one flesh.”6.16 RP Do you not know 6.16 Genesis 2:24 (see also LXX) But the one being joined to the Lord is one spirit. The Temple of the Holy Spirit (Romans 12:1–8; 1 Corinthians 3:16–23) Flee the sexual immorality. Every sin, whatever a man might do, is outside the body, but the one committing sexual immorality sins against his own body. Or do you⁺ not know that your⁺ body is a temple of the Holy Spirit in you⁺, whom you⁺ have from God? And you⁺ are not your own, for you⁺ were bought with a price. Therefore glorify God in your⁺ body.6.20 BYZ and TR include and with your spirit, which belong to God. Principles of Marriage Now concerning the things of which you⁺ wrote:7.1 BYZ and TR wrote to me It is good for a man not to touch a woman.7.1 Or It is good for a man to abstain from sexual relations. But because of the sexual immorality, let each man have his own wife, and let each woman have her own husband. Let the husband render the duty7.3 Or fulfill the marital duty; BYZ and TR render the benevolence due to the wife, and likewise also the wife to the husband. The wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband; and likewise also, the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife. Do not deprive one another, except by mutual agreement for a time, so that you⁺ might be at leisure7.5 BYZ and TR include for fasting and. for prayer, and may be together the same again, so that Satan may not tempt you⁺ through your⁺ lack of self-control. Now I say this by way of concession, not by way of command. Yet I wish7.7 BYZ and TR include For I wish all men to be even like myself. But each has his own gift from God; indeed the one thus, but the one thus. Now I say to the unmarried and to the widows: It is good for them if they should remain as even I am. But if they do not have self-control, let them marry, for it is better to marry than to burn. Now to those having married I command (not I, but the Lord): A wife is not to be separated from a husband. But if indeed she might be separated, let her remain unmarried, or be reconciled to the husband; and a husband is not to send away a wife. Now to the rest I say (I, not the Lord): If any brother has an unbelieving wife, and she consents to dwell with him, let him not send her away. And if any woman has an unbelieving husband, and he consents to dwell with her, let her not send away the husband. For the unbelieving husband is sanctified in the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified in the brother.7.14 BYZ and TR husband Otherwise, then your⁺ children are unclean; but now they are holy. But if the unbeliever separates himself, let him separate himself. The brother or the sister is not bound in such cases. But God has called you⁺7.15 SBL, BYZ, and TR us in peace. For how do you know, wife, if you will save the husband? Or how do you know, husband, if you will save the wife? Live Your Calling Nevertheless, as the Lord7.17 BYZ and TR God apportioned to each, as God7.17 BYZ and TR the Lord has called each, thus let him walk. And thus I direct in all the churches. Was anyone called having been circumcised? Let him not become uncircumcised. Has anyone been called in uncircumcision? Let him not be circumcised. Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing, but keeping of the commandments of God. Each in the calling in which he has been called—in this let him remain. Were you called while a slave? Let it not be a care to you; but if also you have power to become free, rather use it. For the one having been called in the Lord while a slave is the Lord’s freedman; likewise the one having been called while free is a slave of Christ. You⁺ were bought with a price; do not become slaves of men. Each in that in which he was called, brothers—in this let him remain with God. The Unmarried and Widowed Now concerning the virgins, I do not have a commandment of the Lord, but I give judgment as one having received mercy from the Lord to be trustworthy. Therefore I think this is good, because of the present7.26 Or impending necessity, that it is good for a man to be thus. Have you been bound to a wife? Do not seek to be loosed. Have you been loosed from a wife? Do not seek a wife. But if also you shall have married, you did not sin; and if the virgin shall have married, she did not sin. But such will have tribulation in the flesh, and I am sparing you⁺. Now I say this, brothers: The time is shortened—so that from now on both those having wives should be as not having; and those weeping, as not weeping; and those rejoicing, as not rejoicing; and those buying, as not possessing; and those using the world, as not using it up. For the form of this world is passing away. But I want you⁺ to be without concern. The unmarried man is concerned for the things of the Lord, how he should please7.32 BYZ and TR will please; also in verses 33 and 34 the Lord; but the one being married is concerned for the things of the world, how he should please the wife, and is divided. And the unmarried woman and virgin is concerned for the things of the Lord,7.34 BYZ and TR And there is a difference between the wife and the virgin. The unmarried woman is concerned about the work of the Lord that she may be holy both in body and in spirit; but the one being married is concerned for the things of the world, how she should please the husband. Now I say this for your⁺ own profit, not so that I might place upon you⁺ a restraint, but for what is seemly and devoted to the Lord, without distraction. But if anyone supposes himself to be acting unbecomingly to his virgin, if she is beyond youth,7.36 Or of full age and it ought to be so,7.36 Or and they ought to marry let him do what he wills; he does not sin; let them marry. But he who has stood steadfast in his heart, not having necessity but having authority over his own will, and has judged this in his own heart, to keep his own virgin,7.37 Or in his heart not to marry the virgin he will do well. So then also, the one marrying his own virgin7.38 Or the one giving his own virgin in marriage; BYZ and TR the one marrying her does well, and the one not marrying7.38 Or not giving her in marriage will do better. A wife has been bound7.39 BYZ and TR include by law. for as long a time as her husband may live; but if the husband shall have died, she is free to be married to whom she wants, only in the Lord.7.39 Or she is free to marry anyone she wishes, as long as he belongs to the Lord. But she is more blessed if she should remain in the same manner, according to my judgment; and I think myself also to have the Spirit of God. Food Sacrificed to Idols (Ezekiel 14:1–11; Romans 14:13–23) Now concerning the things sacrificed to idols, we know that we all have knowledge. Knowledge puffs up, but love builds up. If anyone thinks to known anything, he does not yet know as it is necessary to know. But if anyone loves God, he is known by Him. Therefore concerning the eating of the things sacrificed to idols, we know that an idol is nothing in the world and that there is no God except one. For even if indeed there are those called gods, whether in heaven or on earth—just as there are many gods and many lords— yet to us there is one God the Father, of whom are all things, and we for Him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things, and we through Him. But the knowledge is not in all. And some, by habit of the idol until now, eat such as a thing sacrificed to an idol; and their conscience being weak, it is defiled. But food will not commend us to God; neither if we should eat do we fall short, nor if we should not eat do we excel. But take care, lest somehow this authority of yours⁺ become a stumbling block to the weak. For if anyone should see you, the one having knowledge, reclining in an idol’s temple, will not the conscience of him being weak be built up to eat the things sacrificed to idols? For the one being weak is destroyed by your knowledge—the brother for whom Christ died. And thus sinning against the brothers and wounding their conscience, it being weak, you⁺ sin against Christ. Therefore, if food causes my brother to stumble, never shall I eat meat to the age, so that I shall not cause my brother to stumble. BYZ and TR include no other God. BYZ and TR Some people with consciousness of the idol still eat such food BYZ and TR We are no better if we do not eat, and no worse if we do The Rights of an Apostle (Deuteronomy 18:1–8) Am I not free?9.1 BYZ and TR Am I not an apostle? Am I not free? Am I not an apostle? Have I not seen Jesus9.1 BYZ and TR Jesus Christ our Lord? Are you⁺ not my work in the Lord? If I am not an apostle to others, yet indeed I am to you⁺; for you⁺ are the seal of my apostleship in the Lord. This is my defense to those examining me: Have we no authority to eat and to drink? Have we no authority to take along a sister—a wife—9.5 Or take along a believing wife as also the other apostles and the brothers of the Lord and Cephas?9.5 That is, Peter Or do only I and Barnabas have no authority to work?9.6 Or Or are Barnabas and I the only apostles who must work for a living? Who serves as a soldier at his own expense at any time? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat its fruit? Or who9.7 SBL Who shepherds a flock and does not drink from the milk of the flock? Do I not speak these things according to man, or does the law not also say these things? For in the law of Moses it has been written: “You shall not muzzle an ox treading out grain.” Is there care for the oxen with God? 9.9 Deuteronomy 25:4 Or does He speak because of us entirely? For it was written because of us, because in hope the one plowing ought to plow, and the one threshing—in hope to partake. If we sowed spiritual things among you⁺, is it too much if we will reap fleshly things from you⁺? If others partake of the authority over you⁺, should we not more? But we did not use this authority. But we bear all things, so that we should not give any hindrance to the gospel of Christ. Do you⁺ not know that those working in the temple eat the things of the temple, and those attending at the altar partake in the altar? So also, the Lord directed those proclaiming the gospel to live from the gospel. But I have not used any of these. And neither did I write these things so that it should be thus with me; for it is good for me rather to die than that anyone will make void my boasting. For if I preach the gospel, there is no boasting to me, for necessity is laid upon me. But woe be to me if I should not preach the gospel! For if I do this willingly, I have a reward; but if unwillingly, I have been entrusted with a stewardship. What then is my reward? That preaching the gospel, I should lay down the gospel9.18 BYZ and TR include of Christ. free of charge, so as not to use up my authority in the gospel. Paul the Servant to All For being free from all, I myself became a slave to all, so that I might gain the more. And I became to the Jews as a Jew, so that I might gain the Jews; to those under the law, as under the law (myself not being under the law),9.20 BYZ and TR do not include (myself not being under the law). so that I might gain those under the law; to those without the law, as without the law (not being without the law of God, but within the law of Christ), so that I might gain those without the law. To the weak I became weak,9.22 BYZ and TR To the weak I became as weak so that I might gain the weak. I have become all things to all, so that by all means I might save some. Now I do all9.23 BYZ and TR I do this because of the gospel, so that I might become a fellow partaker of it. Run Your Race to Win Do you⁺ not know that those running in a race indeed all run, but one receives the prize? Run thus, so that you⁺ might obtain it. Now everyone striving controls himself in all things; these indeed then so that they might receive a perishable crown, but we an imperishable. Therefore I run thus, not as aimlessly; I fight thus, not as beating the air. But I batter my body and bring it into servitude, lest somehow, having preached to others, I myself might be disqualified. Warnings from Israel’s Past (Numbers 16:41–50; Numbers 25:1–5) For10.1 BYZ and TR And I do not want you⁺ to be ignorant, brothers, that our fathers were all under the cloud and all passed through the sea. And all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea, and all ate the same spiritual food, and all drank the same spiritual drink; for they were drinking from the spiritual rock accompanying them, and the rock was Christ. But God was not well pleased in most of them, for they were strewn in the wilderness.10.5 Or desert Now these things became types of us, for us not to be desirers of evil things, as those also desired. And do not become idolaters, as some of them, just as it has been written: “The people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play.” 10.7 Or to indulge in revelry; Exodus 32:6 And we should not commit sexual immorality, as some of them committed sexual immorality, and twenty-three thousand fell in one day. And we should not test Christ,10.9 WH, NE, and Tischendorf test the Lord as some of them10.9 BYZ and TR include also. tested, and were destroyed by serpents. And do not grumble, as10.10 BYZ and TR as also some of them grumbled, and were destroyed by the destroyer.10.10 Or the destroying angel Now these things10.11 BYZ and TR all these things happened to those as types and were written for our admonition, to whom the ends of the ages have come. Therefore the one thinking to stand, let him observe, lest he fall. No temptation has overtaken you⁺ except what is human. And faithful10.13 F35 capable is God, who will not allow you⁺ to be tempted beyond what you⁺ are able, but He will also provide with the temptation the escape, to be able to bear up under it. Flee from Idolatry (Exodus 20:22–26) Therefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry. I speak as to sensible ones; judge for yourselves what I say. The cup of blessing that we bless, is it not a fellowship of the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is it not a fellowship of the body of Christ? Because there is one loaf, we the many are one body; for we all partake of the one loaf. Consider Israel according to flesh: Are not those eating the sacrifices fellow sharers of the altar? Then what do I say? That what is sacrificed to an idol is anything, or that an idol is anything?10.19 BYZ and TR That an idol is anything, or that food sacrificed to an idol is anything? No, but that which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons and not to God. And I do not want you⁺ to be fellow sharers with demons. You⁺ are not able to drink a cup of the Lord and a cup of demons. You⁺ are not able to partake of the table of the Lord and of the table of demons. Or do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? Are we stronger than He? All to God’s Glory (1 Peter 4:1–11) “All things are lawful,”10.23 Or “All things are lawful”; BYZ and TR include for me; twice in this verse. but not all things are profitable; “All things are lawful,” but not all things edify. Let no one seek the good of himself, but that of the other.10.24 BYZ and TR but each one should seek the good of others Eat everything being sold in the meat market, inquiring nothing because of conscience, for, “The earth is the Lord’s, and the fullness of it.” 10.26 Psalm 24:1 If any of the unbelieving ones invites you⁺, and you⁺ want to go, eat everything being set before you⁺, inquiring nothing because of conscience. But if anyone should say to you⁺, “This is offered to an idol,” do not eat it, because of the one having informed you, and conscience—10.28 BYZ and TR and conscience—for the earth is the Lord’s, and its fullness— and I do not say your own conscience, but that of the other; for why is my freedom judged by another’s conscience? If I partake with thankfulness, why am I spoken evil of for that for which I give thanks? Therefore whether you⁺ eat or drink or whatever you⁺ do, do all things to the glory of God. Be without offense both to Jews and to Greeks and to the church of God— even as I also please all in all things, not seeking my own profit, but that of the many, so that they may be saved. Roles in Worship Be imitators of me, as I also am of Christ. Now I commend you⁺11.2 BYZ and TR include brothers. because you⁺ have remembered me in all things, and you⁺ hold fast the traditions just as I delivered them to you⁺. But I want you⁺ to know that the head of every man is Christ, and the head of the woman is the man, and the head of Christ is God. Every man praying or prophesying having anything on his head dishonors his head. And every woman praying or prophesying with the head uncovered dishonors her head; for it is one and the same with having been shaven. For if a woman does not cover her head, also let her be shorn. And if it is shameful to a woman to be shorn or to be shaven, let her cover her head. For indeed a man ought not to cover the head, being the image and glory of God; but the woman11.7 BYZ and TR but woman is the glory of man. For man is not of woman, but woman of man. For also man was not created because of the woman, but woman because of the man. Because of this, the woman ought to have authority on11.10 Or have a sign of authority on the head, because of the angels. However, neither is woman apart from man, nor man apart from woman11.11 BYZ and TR neither is man apart from, nor is woman apart from man in the Lord. For just as the woman is of the man, so also the man is through the woman. And all things are of God. Judge in yourselves: Is it proper for a woman to pray to God uncovered? Does not even nature itself teach you⁺ that indeed if a man has long hair, it is a disgrace to him, but if a woman has long hair, it is a glory to her? For the long hair instead of a covering is given to her.11.15 BYZ does not include to her Now if anyone thinks to be contentious, we have no such custom, nor do the churches of God. Sharing in the Lord’s Supper (Matthew 26:20–30; Mark 14:17–26; Luke 22:14–23) Now in this instructing, I do not praise you, because not for the better, but for the worse, do you⁺ come together. For first indeed, on your⁺ coming together in an assembly, I hear there to be divisions among you⁺, and in part I believe it. For also it is necessary for there to be factions among you⁺, so that also the ones approved should become evident among you⁺. Therefore, on your⁺ coming together in the same place, it is not to eat the Lord’s supper. For in eating, each takes first his own supper.11.21 Or each of you goes ahead without sharing his meal. And indeed this one is hungry, but that one is drunk. What! Have you⁺ no houses in which to eat and to drink? Or do you⁺ despise the church of God and put to shame those not having? What shall I say to you⁺? Shall I praise you⁺? In this I do not praise you! For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you⁺, that the Lord Jesus, in the night in which He was delivered up, took bread, and having given thanks, He broke it and said, “This is My body, which is for you⁺;11.24 BYZ and TR Take and eat, this is My body, which is broken for you do this to the remembrance of Me.” Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink it, to the remembrance of Me.” For as often as you⁺ may eat this bread and may drink the cup, you⁺ proclaim the death of the Lord until He should come. Therefore, whoever may eat the bread11.27 BYZ and TR this bread or may drink the cup of the Lord unworthily11.27 BYZ includes of the Lord will be guilty of the11.27 Or will be responsible for the body and of the blood of the Lord. But let a man examine himself, and thus let him eat of the bread, and let him drink of the cup. For the one eating and drinking,11.29 BYZ and TR include unworthily. not discerning the body,11.29 BYZ and TR include of the Lord. eats and drinks judgment on himself. Because of this, many are weak and sick among you⁺, and many are fallen asleep. For if we were discerning of ourselves, we would not be being judged. But being judged by the Lord, we are disciplined, so that we should not be condemned with the world. So then, my brothers, in coming together in order to eat, wait for one another. If anyone is hungry, let him eat at home, so that you⁺ may not come together for judgment; and I will prescribe the other things as soon as I shall come. Spiritual Gifts Now concerning spiritual gifts, brothers, I do not want you⁺ to be ignorant. You⁺ know that when you⁺ were pagans, you⁺ were led even as to mute idols, being led astray. Therefore I make known to you⁺ that no one speaking in the Spirit of God says, “Jesus is accursed,” and no one is able to say, “Jesus is Lord,” except in the Holy Spirit. Now there are varieties of gifts, but the same Spirit; and there are varieties of services, and the same Lord; and there are varieties of workings, but the same God who is working all things in all. Now to each is given the manifestation of the Spirit, for the common profiting. For indeed, to one is given a word of wisdom through the Spirit, and to another a word of knowledge according to the same Spirit, and to a different one faith by the same Spirit, and to another gifts of healing in the one Spirit, and to another workings of miracles, and to another prophecy, and to another distinguishing of spirits, and to a different one various kinds of tongues, and to another interpretation of tongues. Now one and the same the Spirit works all these things, apportioning individually to each as He wills. The Body of Christ For just as the body is one, and it has many members, and all the members of the body being many are one body, so also is Christ. For also in one Spirit we all were baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free, and we were all made to drink of one Spirit. For also the body is not one member, but many. If the foot should say, “Because I am not a hand, I am not of the body,” not on account of this is it not of the body. And if the ear should say, “Because I am not an eye, I am not of the body,” not on account of this is it not of the body. If the whole body were an eye, where is the hearing? If the whole were hearing, where is the sense of smell? But now God placed the members, each one of them in the body, as He wanted. And if all were one member, where is the body? But now indeed, there are many members, but one body. Now the eye is not able to say to the hand, “I have no need of you,” or again the head to the feet, “I have no need of you⁺.” But much more, the members of the body seeming to be weaker are essential, and those of the body we think to be less honorable, on these we bestow more abundant honor. And our unseemly parts have more abundant decorum, but our seemly parts have no need. But God composed the body, having given more abundant honor to the parts lacking it, so that there may be no division in the body, but the members may have the same concern for one another. And if one member suffers, all the members suffer with it; if one member is glorified, all the members rejoice with it. The Greater Gifts Now you⁺ are the body of Christ, and members in particular. And some indeed God placed in the church, first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healings, helping, administrating, various kinds of tongues. Are all apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Do all work miracles? Do all have gifts of healings? Do all speak in tongues? Do all interpret? But zealously desire the greater gifts. And now I show to you⁺ a more surpassing way. BYZ and TR by that same BYZ and TR into one Spirit RP divisions F35 should suffer F35 should rejoice with it BYZ and TR better Love If I should speak in the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I have become a sounding brass or a clanging cymbal. And if I should have prophecy and should understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I should have all faith so as to remove mountains, but have not love, I am nothing. And if I should give away all my possessions, and if I should deliver up my body that I may boast,13.3 SBL, NE, RP, HF, and TR deliver up my body that I may burn but have not love, I am profited nothing. Love is patient, it is kind; love does not envy, love does not boast, it is not puffed up. It does not act unbecomingly, it does not seek its own things, it is not provoked, it keeps no reckoning of evil. It does not rejoice at unrighteousness, but it rejoices with the truth. It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never fails; but if there are prophecies, they will be made null; and if there are tongues, they will cease; and if there is knowledge, it will be made null. For13.9 BYZ Now we know in part and we prophesy in part; but when the perfect should come, the partial will be made null. When I was a child, I was speaking like a child, I was thinking like a child, I was reasoning like a child; when I became a man, I have made null the things of the child. For now we see through a glass in obscurity, but then, face to face. Now I know in part, but then I will know fully, even as I have been fully known. But now these three things remain: faith, hope, love; but the greatest of these is love. Prophecy and Tongues Pursue love, and zealously desire spiritual gifts, and especially that you⁺ may prophesy. For the one speaking in a tongue speaks not to men, but to God. For no one hears, but in the Spirit he speaks mysteries. But the one prophesying speaks to men for edification and encouragement and comfort. The one speaking in a tongue edifies himself, but the one prophesying edifies the church. Now I wish for all of you⁺ to speak in tongues, but rather that you⁺ may prophesy. And14.5 BYZ and TR For. the one prophesying is greater than the one speaking in tongues, except if he may interpret, so that the church might receive edification. But now, brothers, if I should come to you⁺ speaking in tongues, what will I profit you⁺, unless I should speak to you⁺ either in revelation, or in knowledge, or in prophecy, or in teaching? Even lifeless things giving a sound—whether the flute or harp—unless they give distinction to the sounds, how will it be known what is being piped or being harped? For also if the trumpet gives an indistinct sound, who will prepare himself for battle? So also you⁺, unless you⁺ give intelligible speech through the tongue, how will it be known what is being spoken? For you⁺ will be speaking into the air. There are, if it may be, so many kinds of voices in the world, and none without meaning. Therefore unless I know the power of the voice, I will be a barbarian14.11 Or a foreigner; twice in this verse to the one speaking, and the one speaking, a barbarian to me. So also you⁺, since you⁺ are zealous for spiritual gifts, seek for the edification of the church, so that you⁺ may abound. Therefore, the one speaking in a tongue, let him pray that he may interpret. For if I pray in a tongue, my spirit prays, but my mind is unfruitful. What then is it? I will pray with the spirit, but I will also pray with the mind. I will sing praise with the spirit, but I will also sing praise with the mind. Otherwise, if you bless with the spirit,14.16 Or in the Spirit how will the one filling up the place of the uninstructed say the “Amen” to your thanksgiving, since he does not know what you say? For indeed, you give thanks well, but the other is not edified. I thank God14.18 BYZ and TR I thank my God that I speak in tongues more than all of you⁺. But in the church, I wish to speak five words with my mind, so that also I might instruct others, rather than myriads of words in a tongue. Brothers, do not be children in the minds. But in evil be little children; and in thinking be mature. In the law it has been written: “With other tongues and with different lips I will speak to this people, and not even thus will they hear Me, says the Lord.” 14.21 Isaiah 28:11–12 So then, tongues are for a sign, not to the believing, but to the unbelieving; but prophecy is not to the unbelieving, but to the believing. Therefore, if the whole church might gather together in the same place and all may speak in tongues, and uninstructed ones or unbelievers should come in, will not they say that you⁺ are out of your⁺ minds? But if all prophesy and some unbeliever or uninstructed one should come in, he is convicted by all, he is examined by all, and the secrets14.25 BYZ and TR and so the secrets. of his heart become manifest. And thus having fallen upon his face, he will worship God, declaring that “God is really among you⁺!” Orderly Worship What then is it, brothers? When you⁺ may come together, each14.26 BYZ and TR each of you has a psalm, has a teaching, has a revelation, has a tongue,14.26 BYZ and TR a tongue, a revelation has an interpretation. Let all things be done for edification. If anyone speaks in a tongue, be by two, or at the most three, and each in turn; and let one interpret. But if there may be no interpreter, let him be silent in the church, and let him speak to himself and to God. And let two or three prophets speak, and let the others discern. But if anything should be revealed to another sitting, let the first be silent. For you⁺ are all able to prophesy one by one, so that all may learn and all may be exhorted. And the spirits of prophets are subject to prophets. For He is not the God of disorder, but of peace, as in all the churches of the saints.14.33 Or of peace. As in all the churches of the saints: Thus, some translators begin the new paragraph after peace. Let the women14.34 BYZ and TR your women. be silent in the churches. For it is not permitted to them to speak, but to be subject, as the law also says. But if they wish to learn anything, let them ask their own husbands at home; for it is shameful for a woman to speak in the church.14.35 Some manuscripts place verses 34–35 after verse 40. Or did the word of God go out from you⁺? Or did it come to you⁺ only? If anyone thinks to be a prophet or spiritual, let him recognize that the things I write to you⁺ are commands of the Lord. But if anyone is ignorant, let him be ignored.14.38 BYZ and TR let him be ignorant So, my brothers,14.39 BYZ and TR So, brothers zealously desire to prophesy, and do not forbid to speak in tongues. But let all things14.40 BYZ and TR Let all things be done properly and according to order. The Resurrection of Christ Now I make known to you⁺, brothers, the gospel that I proclaimed to you⁺, which also you⁺ received, in which you⁺ also stand, by which you⁺ are also being saved in what word I proclaimed to you⁺, if you⁺ hold fast—unless you⁺ believed in vain. For I delivered to you⁺ as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried, and that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, and that He appeared to Cephas,15.5 That is, Peter then to the Twelve. Afterward, He appeared to over five hundred brothers at once, the greater part of whom remain until now, but some have fallen asleep. Afterward, He appeared to James, then to all the apostles. And last of all, as to one of untimely birth, He appeared also to me. For I am the least of the apostles, who am not sufficient to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God. But by the grace of God I am what I am, and His grace toward me was not empty. But I toiled more abundantly than all of them, yet not I, but the grace of God that was with me. Whether, then, I or they, thus we preach, and thus you⁺ believed. The Resurrection of the Dead Now if Christ is preached, that He has been raised out from the dead, how do some among you⁺ say that there is no resurrection of the dead? But if there is no resurrection of the dead, neither has Christ been raised. And if Christ has not been raised, then also our preaching is void, and your⁺15.14 WH our faith is void. Then also we are found false witnesses of God, because we have witnessed concerning God that He raised Christ, whom He has not raised if then the dead are not raised. For if the dead are not raised, neither has Christ been raised. And if Christ has not been raised, your⁺ faith is futile; you⁺ are still in your⁺ sins. Then also those having fallen asleep in Christ have perished. If only in this life we are having hope in Christ, we are more to be pitied than all men. The Order of Resurrection But now Christ has been raised out from the dead,15.20 BYZ and TR include and has become. the firstfruit of those having fallen asleep. For since death is through a man, also through a man is the resurrection of the dead. For just as in Adam all die, so also in Christ all will be made alive— but each in his own order: Christ the firstfruit, then those of Christ at His coming, then the end, when He shall deliver the kingdom to God, even the Father, when He shall have made null all rule and all authority and power. For it is necessary for Him to reign until He shall have put all the enemies under His feet. The last enemy to be made null is death. For “He has subjected all things under His feet.” But when it may be said that all things have been subjected, it is evident that the One having subjected all things to Him is excepted. 15.27 Psalm 8:6 Now when all things shall be subjected to Him, then also the Son Himself will be subjected to the One having subjected all things to Him, so that God may be all in all. Otherwise,15.29 That is, If there is no resurrection what will they do who are baptized for the dead? If the dead are not raised at all, why are they also baptized for them?15.29 BYZ and TR for the dead And why are we in danger every hour? I die every day, as surely as the boasting in you⁺, brothers,15.31 BYZ and TR do not include brothers. which I have in Christ Jesus our Lord. If according to man I fought wild beasts in Ephesus, what is the gain to me? If the dead are not raised, “Let us eat and let us drink, for tomorrow we die.” 15.32 Isaiah 22:13 Do not be led astray: “Bad companionships corrupt good morals.”15.33 Probably a quote from the Greek comedy Thais by Menander Sober up righteously and do not sin, for some have ignorance of God. I speak to you⁺ for shame. The Resurrection Body But someone will say, “How are the dead raised? And with what kind of body do they come?” You Fool! What you sow does not come to life unless it dies. And what you sow is not the body that will be, but you sow a bare grain, if it may be of wheat or of some of the rest. But God gives it a body as He willed, and to each of the seeds, its own body. Not all flesh is the same, but indeed one flesh is of men, and another flesh is of beasts, and another flesh is of birds, and another is of fish.15.39 BYZ and TR another of fish, and another of birds And there are heavenly bodies and earthly bodies. But indeed, the glory of the heavenly is one kind, and that of the earthly is another. There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for star differs from star in glory. So also is the resurrection of the dead. It is sown in corruption, it is raised in incorruptibility; it is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power; it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual.15.44 BYZ and TR There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual So also it has been written: “The first man Adam became into a living soul;” the last Adam into a life-giving spirit. 15.45 Genesis 2:7 But the spiritual was not first, but the natural, then the spiritual. The first man was out of the earth, made of dust; the second man15.47 BYZ and TR include is the Lord. out of heaven. As was the one made of dust, such are also those made of dust; and as is the heavenly one, such are also the heavenly. And as we bore the image of the one made of dust, we will also bear15.49 BYZ so also let us bear the image of the heavenly one. Where, O Death, Is Your Victory? (Hosea 13:9–14) Now I say this, brothers, that flesh and blood is not able to inherit the kingdom of God, nor does corruption inherit incorruptibility. Behold, I speak to you⁺ a mystery: We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed— in an instant, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed. For it is necessary for this, the corruptible to put on15.53 Or be clothed with incorruptibility, and this, the mortal to put on immortality. Now when this corruptible shall have put on incorruptibility, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then the word having been written will come to pass: “Death has been swallowed up in victory.”15.54 WH does not include and this mortal shall have put on immortality. 15.54 Isaiah 25:8 “Where, O death, is your victory? Where, O death, is your sting?” 15.55 Hosea 13:14 (see also LXX); BYZ and TR “Where, O Death, is your sting? Where, O Hades, is your victory?” Now the sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law. But thanks be to God, the One giving us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore, my beloved brothers, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your⁺ labor in the Lord is not in vain. The Collection for the Saints (2 Corinthians 9:1–15) Now concerning the collection that is for the saints, as I directed the churches of Galatia, so also you⁺ are to do. Every first of the week, let each one of you⁺ put aside, treasuring up whatever he may be prospered in, so that when I might come, then there should be no collections. And when I shall have arrived, whomever you⁺ might approve, I will send these with letters to carry your⁺ gracious gift to Jerusalem. And if it may be worthy for me also to go, they will go with me. Paul’s Travel Plans (Romans 15:23–33) But I will come to you⁺ when I shall have gone through Macedonia, for I am going through Macedonia. And perhaps I will stay with you⁺, or even I will winter, so that you⁺ may send me forth wherever I may go. For I do not want to see you⁺ now in passing; for I hope to remain a certain time with you⁺, if the Lord might permit. But I will remain in Ephesus until Pentecost.16.8 That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also known as the Feast of Harvest (see Exodus 23:16) or the Feast of Weeks (see Exodus 34:22). For a door has opened to me, great and effective, and many are opposing. Timothy and Apollos (Philippians 2:19–30) Now if Timothy might come, see that he may be with you⁺ without fear, for he works the work of the Lord, as I also. Therefore no one should despise him. But send him forth in peace, so that he might come to me; for I am expecting him with the brothers. Now concerning Apollos the brother, I exhorted him much that he should go to you⁺ with the brothers, and his will was not at all that he should come now; but he will come when he shall have opportunity. Concluding Exhortations Be watchful; stand firm in the faith; act like men; be strong. Let all your⁺ things be done in love. Now I exhort you⁺, brothers—you⁺ know the house of Stephanas, that it is the firstfruit of Achaia, and they devoted themselves to service to the saints— that you⁺ also be subject to such, and to everyone working with us and laboring. Now I rejoice at the coming of Stephanas and Fortunatus and Achaicus, because these filled up your⁺ deficiency. For they refreshed my spirit and yours⁺. Therefore recognize such men. Signature and Final Greetings (Colossians 4:15–18; 2 Thessalonians 3:16–18) The churches of Asia16.19 Or of the province of Asia; Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey. greet you⁺. Aquila and Prisca,16.19 Prisca is a variant of Priscilla; see Acts 18:2. with the church at their house, greet you⁺ much in the Lord. All the brothers greet you⁺. Greet one another with a holy kiss. The greeting is in my own hand—Paul. If anyone does not love the Lord,16.22 BYZ and TR the Lord Jesus Christ; F35 our Lord Jesus Christ let him be accursed. Maranatha!16.22 Greek Marana Tha! from a transliteration of the Aramaic, an exclamation of approaching divine judgment The grace of the Lord Jesus16.23 BYZ and TR include Christ. be with you⁺. My love be with all of you⁺ in Christ Jesus. Amen.16.24 SBL, WH, and NA do not include Amen.